Ngā Kaitiaki o Te Puna Rongoā o Aotearoa- the Māori Pharmacists' Association, PO Box 42013, Acacia Bay Post Shop, Taupō, 3330, New Zealand.
Ngā Kaitiaki o Te Puna Rongoā o Aotearoa- the Māori Pharmacists' Association, PO Box 42013, Acacia Bay Post Shop, Taupō, 3330, New Zealand.
Res Social Adm Pharm. 2023 Apr;19(4):643-652. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.12.011. Epub 2022 Dec 31.
Minor ailments are self-limiting, easily diagnosable and treatable conditions. Funded pharmacist minor ailments services (PMAS) have been posited to improve medicines access equity and, despite ethnic minorities across the globe experiencing reduced access to medicines and health care, PMAS internationally have not explicitly centered ethnic equity in service design or outcome measurement.
To explore Māori experiences of minor ailments care and perceptions of the pharmacists' role.
This mixed methods study collected data through facilitated wānanga (collaborative knowledge-sharing group discussions). Eligible participants (Māori, 18 years plus, obtained medicine from pharmacy in last 3 years) were recruited through local pharmacist networks using convenience sampling. Wānanga included qualitative data collection through discussion using a topic guide and a quantitative questionnaire. Indigenous theory was applied within a general inductive approach to thematic development to analyze qualitative data. Quantitative data was reported using simple descriptive statistics.
Thirteen wānanga (3 in-person, 10 online) were conducted from September 2021-February 2022 with 62 participants from seven New Zealand regions. The minor ailments that participants were most likely to seek treatment from pharmacy first, instead of a doctor, were eczema (87.2%), coughs and colds (85.7%), headlice (85.7%), insect bites (83.9%), and hayfever (83.9%). Four themes were generated from the qualitative data: designing the right environment for minor ailment care; clinically and culturally safe care; moving from stigmatizing to strengths-based services; the benefits of PMAS. Participant-informed ideas for PMAS service development centered on Māori aspirations included: developing clinically and culturally safe pharmacy environments, enabling medicine supply outside of the physical pharmacy setting, avoiding stigmatizing language when promoting PMAS availability, and collaborative practice with other health providers.
This study provides important recommendations when developing PMAS to increase the likelihood of delivering equitable care, and has international application across multiple pharmacy and health service settings.
小病是自限性的、易于诊断和治疗的疾病。有人提出，由受资助药剂师提供的小病服务（PMAS）可以改善药品获取的公平性。尽管全球少数民族在获得药品和医疗保健方面的机会较少，但国际上的 PMAS 服务设计或结果衡量并未明确以族裔公平为中心。
探讨毛利人对小病护理的体验以及对药剂师角色的看法。
这项混合方法研究通过促进 wānanga（协作式知识共享小组讨论）收集数据。通过当地药剂师网络使用便利抽样招募符合条件的参与者（毛利人，18 岁及以上，在过去 3 年内从药店获得药品）。wānanga 通过使用主题指南进行讨论来收集定性数据，并通过定量问卷收集定量数据。在一般性归纳方法的基础上应用本土理论来发展主题，以分析定性数据。定量数据使用简单的描述性统计进行报告。
2021 年 9 月至 2022 年 2 月期间共进行了 13 次 wānanga（3 次现场，10 次在线），来自新西兰 7 个地区的 62 名参与者参加了会议。参与者最有可能首先到药店而不是医生处治疗的小病是湿疹（87.2%）、咳嗽和感冒（85.7%）、头虱（85.7%）、昆虫叮咬（83.9%）和花粉热（83.9%）。从定性数据中生成了四个主题：为小病护理设计合适的环境；临床和文化安全护理；从污名化到基于优势的服务转变；PMAS 的好处。参与者提出的有关 PMAS 服务发展的想法集中在毛利人愿望上，包括：发展临床和文化安全的药房环境、在实体药房环境之外提供药品供应、在宣传 PMAS 可用性时避免污名化语言，以及与其他卫生提供者合作。
本研究为开发 PMAS 提供了重要建议，以提高公平护理的可能性，并在多个药房和卫生服务环境中具有国际适用性。
