Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at the Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2023 Mar 1;320:121085. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121085. Epub 2023 Jan 13.
A growing body of evidence indicates that exposure to air pollution affects cognitive performance; however, few studies have assessed this in the context of repeated measures within a large group of individuals or in a population with a large age range. In this study, we evaluated the associations between long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O) in large cohort of adults aged 18-90 years. The study cohort included 29,091 Lumosity users in the contiguous US who completed 20 repetitions of the Lost in Migration game between 2017 and 2018. Game scores reflect the ability to filter information and avoid distracting information. Long-term air pollution data included ambient PM and O averaged for the 365-day period before each gameplay date. Generalized linear models were used to examine the associations between long-term PM and O and game score percentile. Co-pollutant models were adjusted for meteorology, time trend, age, gender, device, education, local socioeconomic factors, and urbanicity. Results represent the change in attention game score percentile per 1 μg/m increase in PM or 0.01 ppm increase in O. In the entire cohort, a -0.10 (95% CI: -0.16, -0.04) change in score percentile was associated with PM, while no significant association was observed with O. Modification of these associations by age was observed for both PM and O, with stronger associations observed in younger users. In users aged 18-29, a -0.25 (-0.45, -0.05) change in score percentile was associated with PM, while no associations were observed in other age groups. With O, there was a -2.92 (-4.63, -1.19) and -2.81 (-4.29, -1.25) change in score percentile for users aged 18-29 and 30-39, respectively. We observed that elevated long-term PM and O were associated with decreased focus scores in young adults, but follow-up research is necessary to further illuminate these associations.
越来越多的证据表明，暴露于空气污染会影响认知表现；然而，很少有研究在大量个体的重复测量或在年龄范围较大的人群中评估这一点。在这项研究中，我们评估了长期暴露于细颗粒物 (PM) 和臭氧 (O) 与 18-90 岁成年人的大队列之间的关联。研究队列包括在美国大陆的 29091 名 Lumosity 用户，他们在 2017 年至 2018 年期间完成了 20 次迷失迁徙游戏的重复。游戏分数反映了过滤信息和避免分散注意力信息的能力。长期空气污染数据包括在每次游戏日期前的 365 天内平均的环境 PM 和 O。广义线性模型用于研究长期 PM 和 O 与游戏分数百分位之间的关联。共同污染物模型根据气象学、时间趋势、年龄、性别、设备、教育、当地社会经济因素和城市化程度进行了调整。结果代表了每增加 1μg/m3 PM 或 0.01ppm O 时注意力游戏分数百分位的变化。在整个队列中，PM 与 -0.10（95%CI：-0.16，-0.04）的分数百分位变化相关，而 O 则没有观察到显著关联。PM 和 O 的这些关联存在年龄的修饰作用，在年轻用户中观察到更强的关联。在 18-29 岁的用户中，PM 与 -0.25（-0.45，-0.05）的分数百分位变化相关，而在其他年龄组中则没有观察到关联。对于 18-29 岁和 30-39 岁的用户，O 分别与 -2.92（-4.63，-1.19）和 -2.81（-4.29，-1.25）的分数百分位变化相关。我们观察到，长期暴露于高浓度的 PM 和 O 与年轻人的注意力得分下降有关，但需要进一步的研究来阐明这些关联。
