Ilango Sindana D, Gonzalez Kevin, Gallo Linda, Allison Matthew A, Cai Jianwen, Isasi Carmen R, Hosgood Dean H, Vasquez Priscilla M, Zeng Donglin, Mortamais Marion, Gonzalez Hector, Benmarhnia Tarik
School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2021;79(4):1489-1496. doi: 10.3233/JAD-200766.
Hispanics/Latinos in the United States are more likely to live in neighborhoods with greater exposure to air pollution and are projected to have the largest increase in dementia among race/ethnic minority groups.
We examined the associations of air pollution with performance on cognitive function tests in Hispanic/Latino adults.
We used data from the San Diego site of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, an ongoing cohort of Hispanics/Latinos. This analysis focused on individuals ≥45 years of age who completed a neurocognitive battery examining overall mental status, verbal learning, memory, verbal fluency, and executive function (n = 2,089). Air pollution (PM2.5 and O3) before study baseline was assigned to participants' zip code. Logistic and linear regression were used to estimate the associations of air pollution on overall mental status and domain-specific standardized test scores. Models accounted for complex survey design, demographic, and socioeconomic characteristics.
We found that for every 10μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, verbal fluency worsened (β: -0.21 [95%CI: -0.68, 0.25]). For every 10 ppb increase in O3, verbal fluency and executive function worsened (β: -0.19 [95%CI: -0.34, -0.03]; β: -0.01 [95%CI: -0.01, 0.09], respectively). We did not identify any detrimental effect of pollutants on other domains.
Although we found suggestions that air pollution may impact verbal fluency and executive function, we observed no consistent or precise evidence to suggest an adverse impact of air pollution on cognitive level among this cohort of Hispanic/Latino adults.
美国的西班牙裔/拉丁裔更有可能居住在空气污染暴露程度更高的社区，并且预计在种族/族裔少数群体中患痴呆症的人数增长幅度最大。
我们研究了空气污染与西班牙裔/拉丁裔成年人认知功能测试表现之间的关联。
我们使用了西班牙裔社区健康研究/拉丁裔研究圣地亚哥站点的数据，这是一个正在进行的西班牙裔/拉丁裔队列研究。该分析聚焦于年龄≥45岁且完成了一套神经认知测试的个体，这套测试考察了整体精神状态、语言学习、记忆、语言流畅性和执行功能（n = 2089）。研究基线前的空气污染（细颗粒物和臭氧）被分配到参与者的邮政编码区域。使用逻辑回归和线性回归来估计空气污染与整体精神状态以及特定领域标准化测试分数之间的关联。模型考虑了复杂的调查设计、人口统计学和社会经济特征。
我们发现，细颗粒物每增加10μg/m3，语言流畅性就会变差（β：-0.21 [95%置信区间：-0.68, 0.25]）。臭氧每增加10 ppb，语言流畅性和执行功能就会变差（β分别为：-0.19 [95%置信区间：-0.34, -0.03]；-0.01 [95%置信区间：-0.01, 0.09]）。我们未发现污染物对其他领域有任何有害影响。
尽管我们发现有迹象表明空气污染可能会影响语言流畅性和执行功能，但我们未观察到一致或确切的证据表明空气污染对这一队列的西班牙裔/拉丁裔成年人的认知水平有不利影响。
