California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 2023 Mar;66(3):222-232. doi: 10.1002/ajim.23458. Epub 2023 Jan 16.
Recent studies have evaluated COVID-19 outbreaks and excess mortality by occupation sectors. Studies on SARS-CoV-2 infection across occupation and occupation-related factors remain lacking. In this study, we estimate the effect of in-person work on SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and describe SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among working adults.
We used Wave 1 data (May to June 2021) from CalScope, a population-based seroprevalence study in California. Occupation data were coded using the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Industry and Occupation Computerized Coding System. Dried blood spot specimens were tested for antibodies to establish evidence of prior infection. We estimated the causal effect of in-person work on SARS-CoV-2 infection risk using the g-formula and describe SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence across occupation-related factors.
Among 4335 working adults, 53% worked in person. In-person work was associated with increased risk of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (risk difference: 0.03; [95% CI: 0.02-0.04]) compared with working remotely. Workers that reported job loss or who were without medical insurance had higher evidence of prior infection. Amongst in-person workers, evidence of prior infection was highest within farming, fishing, and forestry (55%; [95% CI: 26%-81%]); installation, maintenance, and repair (23%; [12%-39%]); building and grounds cleaning and maintenance (23%; [13%-36%]); food preparation and serving related (22% [13%-35%]); and healthcare support (22%; [13%-34%]) occupations. Workers who identified as Latino, reported a household income of <$25K, or who were without a bachelor's degree also had higher evidence of prior infection.
SARS-CoV-2 infection risk varies by occupation. Future vaccination strategies may consider prioritizing in-person workers.
最近的研究评估了按职业部门划分的 COVID-19 疫情和超额死亡率。关于 SARS-CoV-2 感染在整个职业和与职业相关的因素方面的研究仍然不足。在这项研究中，我们估计了面对面工作对 SARS-CoV-2 感染风险的影响，并描述了在职成年人中的 SARS-CoV-2 血清流行率。
我们使用了加利福尼亚州基于人群的血清流行率研究 CalScope 的第 1 波数据（2021 年 5 月至 6 月）。职业数据使用国家职业安全与健康研究所行业和职业计算机编码系统进行编码。使用干血斑样本检测抗体以确定先前感染的证据。我们使用 g 公式估计了面对面工作对 SARS-CoV-2 感染风险的因果影响，并描述了与职业相关因素的 SARS-CoV-2 血清流行率。
在 4335 名在职成年人中，有 53%的人从事面对面工作。与远程工作相比，面对面工作与 SARS-CoV-2 感染的风险增加有关（风险差异：0.03；[95%CI：0.02-0.04]）。报告失业或没有医疗保险的工人有更高的先前感染证据。在从事面对面工作的人群中，先前感染的证据在农业、渔业和林业（55%；[95%CI：26%-81%]）、安装、维护和修理（23%；[12%-39%]）、建筑和场地清洁和维护（23%；[13%-36%]）、食品制备和相关服务（22%；[13%-35%]）和医疗保健支持（22%；[13%-34%]）职业中最高。自认为是拉丁裔、报告家庭收入<25K 或没有学士学位的工人也有更高的先前感染证据。
SARS-CoV-2 感染风险因职业而异。未来的疫苗接种策略可能需要考虑优先为面对面工作者接种疫苗。
