Reiser S J
Milbank Mem Fund Q Health Soc. 1978 Fall;56(4):403-25.
Public health officials, industrial leaders, and insurance companies early in this century optimistically advocated the potential for improved health and productivity through regular physical examinations. Doctors and the public, fed both by the exigencies of war and the experience of new technology, later joined the pursuit of protection from hazard--physical, social, and economic. But these very technologies--newer and more "mechanistic"--changed interest in the annual checkup into a fervor for "mass screening." By the 1970's the quarrel shifted from affective questions to matters of effectiveness and efficiency. Has progress been real?
本世纪初，公共卫生官员、行业领袖和保险公司乐观地倡导通过定期体检改善健康状况和提高生产力的可能性。医生和公众，受战争的迫切需要和新技术经验的影响，后来也加入了寻求免受身体、社会和经济危害的行列。但正是这些更新、更“机械”的技术，将人们对年度体检的兴趣转变为对“大规模筛查”的狂热。到了20世纪70年代，争论从情感问题转向了有效性和效率问题。进步是实实在在的吗？
