Department of Pulmonary Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Narita, Chiba, Japan.
Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan; and.
Immunohorizons. 2023 Jan 1;7(1):97-105. doi: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200093.
Although the effectiveness of vaccination at preventing hospitalization and severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been reported in numerous studies, the detailed mechanism of innate immunity occurring in host cells by breakthrough infection is unclear. One hundred forty-six patients were included in this study. To determine the effects of vaccination and past infection on innate immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection, we analyzed the relationship between anti-SARS-CoV-2 S Abs and biomarkers associated with the deterioration of COVID-19 (IFN-λ3, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, procalcitonin, and D-dimer). Anti-S Abs were classified into two groups according to titer: high titer (≥250 U/ml) and low titer (<250 U/ml). A negative correlation was observed between anti-SARS-CoV-2 S Abs and IFN-λ3 levels (r = -0.437, p < 0.001). A low titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S Abs showed a significant association with oxygen demand in patients, excluding aspiration pneumonia. Finally, in a multivariate analysis, a low titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S Abs was an independent risk factor for oxygen demand, even after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, aspiration pneumonia, and IFN-λ3 levels. In summary, measuring anti-SARS-CoV-2 S Abs and IFN-λ3 may have clinical significance for patients with COVID-19. To predict the oxygen demand of patients with COVID-19 after hospitalization, it is important to evaluate the computed tomography findings to determine whether the pneumonia is the result of COVID-19 or aspiration pneumonia.
尽管许多研究已经报道了疫苗接种在预防住院和严重冠状病毒病（COVID-19）方面的有效性，但突破性感染导致宿主细胞固有免疫的详细机制尚不清楚。本研究纳入了 146 名患者。为了确定疫苗接种和既往感染对 COVID-19 感染后固有免疫的影响，我们分析了 SARS-CoV-2 S 抗体与 COVID-19 恶化相关生物标志物（IFN-λ3、C 反应蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶、铁蛋白、降钙素原和 D-二聚体）之间的关系。根据滴度将抗 SARS-CoV-2 S 抗体分为高滴度（≥250 U/ml）和低滴度（<250 U/ml）两组。抗 SARS-CoV-2 S 抗体与 IFN-λ3 水平呈负相关（r = -0.437，p < 0.001）。低滴度的抗 SARS-CoV-2 S 抗体与患者的氧气需求显著相关，排除了吸入性肺炎。最后，在多变量分析中，即使在调整年龄、性别、体重指数、吸入性肺炎和 IFN-λ3 水平后，低滴度的抗 SARS-CoV-2 S 抗体仍是氧气需求的独立危险因素。综上所述，测量抗 SARS-CoV-2 S 抗体和 IFN-λ3 可能对 COVID-19 患者具有临床意义。为了预测 COVID-19 住院患者的氧气需求，评估计算机断层扫描结果以确定肺炎是否是 COVID-19 还是吸入性肺炎的结果很重要。
