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干性基因REX1远端启动子区域中一种柔性G-四链体的鉴定与表征。

Identification and characterization of a flexile G-quadruplex in the distal promoter region of stemness gene REX1.

作者信息

Roy Ananya, Basu Debadrita, Bose Debopriya, Dutta Anindya, Dastidar Shubhra Ghosh, Chatterjee Subhrangsu

机构信息

Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, EN-80 Sector V, Salt Lake, Unified Campus, Kolkata 700091, India.

Department of Bioinformatics, Bose Institute, EN-80 Sector V, Salt Lake, Unified Campus, Kolkata 700091, India.

出版信息

Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Mar 15;231:123263. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123263. Epub 2023 Jan 14.

Abstract

We have identified a parallel G-quadruplex (R1WT) in the distal promoter region (-821 base-pairs upstream of the TSS) of the pluripotent gene REX1. Through biophysical and biochemical approach, we have characterized the G-quadruplex (GQ) as a potential molecular switch that may control REX1 promoter activity to determine the transcriptional fate. Small- molecule interactive study of the monomeric form of R1WT (characterized as R1mut2) with TMPyP4 and BRACO-19 revealed GQ destabilization upon interaction with TMPyP4 and stabilization upon interaction with BRACO-19. This distinctive drug interactivity suggests the in cellulo R1WT to be a promising drug target. The endogenous existence of R1WT was confirmed by BG4 antibody derived chromatin immunoprecipitation experiment. Here in, we also report the endogenous interaction of GQ specific transcription factors (TFs) with R1WT region in the human chromatin of cancer cell. The wild-type G-quadruplex was found to interact with four important transcription factors, (i) specificity protein (Sp1) (ii) non-metastatic cell 2 (NM23-H2): a diphosphatase (iii) cellular nucleic acid binding protein (CNBP) and (iv) heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) in the REX1 promoter. In contrast, nucleolin protein (NCL) binding was found to be low to the said G-quadruplex. The flexibility of R1WT between folded and unfolded states, obtained from experimental and computational analysis strongly suggests R1WT to be an important gene regulatory element in the genome. It controls promoter DNA relaxation with the coordinated interaction of transcription factors, the deregulation of which seeds stemness characteristic in cancer cells for further metastatic progression.

摘要

我们在多能基因REX1的远端启动子区域(转录起始位点上游821个碱基对)鉴定出一个平行G-四链体(R1WT)。通过生物物理和生化方法,我们将该G-四链体(GQ)表征为一种潜在的分子开关,它可能控制REX1启动子活性以决定转录命运。对R1WT单体形式(表征为R1mut2)与TMPyP4和BRACO-19的小分子相互作用研究表明,与TMPyP4相互作用时GQ不稳定,而与BRACO-19相互作用时GQ稳定。这种独特的药物相互作用表明细胞内的R1WT是一个有前景的药物靶点。通过BG4抗体衍生的染色质免疫沉淀实验证实了R1WT的内源性存在。在此,我们还报告了GQ特异性转录因子(TFs)与癌细胞人类染色质中R1WT区域的内源性相互作用。发现野生型G-四链体与REX1启动子中的四种重要转录因子相互作用,(i)特异性蛋白(Sp1)(ii)非转移性细胞2(NM23-H2):一种双磷酸酶(iii)细胞核酸结合蛋白(CNBP)和(iv)异质性核核糖核蛋白K(hnRNPK)。相比之下,发现核仁素蛋白(NCL)与所述G-四链体的结合较低。从实验和计算分析获得的R1WT在折叠和未折叠状态之间的灵活性强烈表明R1WT是基因组中一个重要的基因调控元件。它通过转录因子的协同相互作用控制启动子DNA松弛,其失调会引发癌细胞的干性特征以促进进一步的转移进展。

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