NEIKER - Basque Institute of Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, P812, 48160, Derio, Spain.
Sci Rep. 2023 Jan 17;13(1):863. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-27840-9.
Agricultural fertilization with organic amendments of animal origin often leads to antibiotic resistance dissemination. In this study, we evaluated the effect of different treatments (anaerobic digestion, biochar application, ozonation, zerovalent iron nanoparticle application, and spent mushroom substrate addition) on the resistome in dairy cow manure-derived amendments (slurry, manure, and compost). Anaerobic digestion and biochar application resulted in the highest reduction in antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) and mobile genetic element (MGE) gene abundance. These two treatments were applied to cow manure compost, which was then used to fertilize the soil for lettuce growth. After crop harvest, ARG and MGE gene absolute and relative abundances in the soil and lettuce samples were determined by droplet digital PCR and high-throughput qPCR, respectively. Prokaryotic diversity in cow manure-amended soils was determined using 16S rRNA metabarcoding. Compared to untreated compost, anaerobic digestion led to a 38% and 83% reduction in sul2 and intl1 absolute abundances in the soil, respectively, while biochar led to a 60% reduction in intl1 absolute abundance. No differences in lettuce gene abundances were observed among treatments. We conclude that amendment treatments can minimize the risk of antibiotic resistance in agroecosystems.
农业中施用动物源有机肥料常常导致抗生素耐药性的传播。在这项研究中，我们评估了不同处理方法（厌氧消化、生物炭应用、臭氧处理、纳米零价铁应用和废弃蘑菇基质添加）对奶牛粪便衍生肥料（粪浆、粪便和堆肥）中抗药性基因（ARG）和可移动遗传元件（MGE）基因丰度的影响。厌氧消化和生物炭应用导致抗生素耐药基因（ARG）和可移动遗传元件（MGE）基因丰度的最高减少。这两种处理方法应用于牛粪堆肥中，然后将其用于为生菜生长施肥的土壤中。作物收获后，采用液滴数字 PCR 和高通量 qPCR 分别测定土壤和生菜样品中 ARG 和 MGE 基因的绝对和相对丰度。采用 16S rRNA 代谢组学方法测定牛粪改良土壤中的原核生物多样性。与未处理的堆肥相比，厌氧消化导致土壤中 sul2 和 intl1 的绝对丰度分别减少了 38%和 83%，而生物炭导致 intl1 的绝对丰度减少了 60%。处理之间未观察到生菜基因丰度的差异。我们得出结论，改良处理可以最大限度地降低农业生态系统中抗生素耐药性的风险。
