Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
Endocr J. 2023 Feb 28;70(2):135-139. doi: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ22-0514. Epub 2023 Jan 19.
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), which were formerly known as pituitary adenomas, are classified in 5th Edition of the WHO Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors. Since thyrotroph PitNETs are rare PitNETs, most previous studies about former thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)-secreting pituitary adenoma have focused on a small number of cases. However, the diagnostic rate of thyrotroph PitNET has increased because of increased sensitivity of serum TSH measurement and widespread recognition that thyrotroph PitNETs are the cause of syndrome of inappropriate secretion of TSH (SITSH). Therefore, knowledge on the molecular mechanism of thyrotroph PitNET is gradually accumulating. Recently, comprehensive chromosomal, genetic, and epigenomic alterations in thyrotroph PitNET have been revealed with the availability of comprehensive gene and protein analyses, and the nature of thyrotroph PitNET is gradually being elucidated. However, further analysis is needed to determine whether the causes of these changes are directly responsible for the development of tumors.
垂体神经内分泌肿瘤（PitNETs），以前称为垂体腺瘤，被归类为世界卫生组织（WHO）内分泌和神经内分泌肿瘤分类的第 5 版。由于促甲状腺素垂体瘤是罕见的垂体瘤，因此大多数关于以前的促甲状腺激素（TSH）分泌性垂体腺瘤的研究都集中在少数病例上。然而，由于血清 TSH 测量的敏感性增加以及广泛认识到促甲状腺素垂体瘤是促甲状腺素不适当分泌综合征（SITSH）的原因，促甲状腺素垂体瘤的诊断率有所提高。因此，促甲状腺素垂体瘤的分子机制知识正在逐渐积累。最近，随着全面的基因和蛋白质分析的出现，揭示了促甲状腺素垂体瘤的全面染色体、遗传和表观遗传改变，促甲状腺素垂体瘤的性质逐渐被阐明。然而，需要进一步分析以确定这些变化的原因是否直接导致肿瘤的发生。
