ExPhy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain.
Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.
Geroscience. 2023 Jun;45(3):1649-1666. doi: 10.1007/s11357-022-00718-w. Epub 2023 Jan 19.
This study aimed to develop new equations to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness specifically for older adults and, secondly, to analyze the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness, both objectively measured and estimated using new equations, with cognitive performance. Ninety-two older adults (41 females, 65-75 years) from baseline data of a randomized controlled trial were analyzed ("ClinicalTrials.gov" Identifier: NCT03923712). Participants completed 4 measurement sessions including (i) physiological and health indicators in a laboratory setting, (ii) field-based fitness tests, (iii) sociodemographic and physical activity questionnaires, and (iv) a battery of neuropsychological tests to evaluate cognitive performance. The main findings were as follows: (i) a set of new equations with good predictive value for estimated cardiorespiratory fitness were developed (74-87%), using different scenarios of complexity and/or equipment requirements, and (ii) higher estimated cardiorespiratory fitness, even using its simplest equation (eCRF = - 1261.99 + 1.97 × 6 min walking test (m) + 1.12 × bioimpedance basal metabolic rate (kcal/day) + 5.25 × basal heart rate (bpm)), was associated with better cognitive performance evaluated by several neuropsychological tests (i.e., language, cognitive flexibility, fluency, attention, and working memory), similar to using objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness. In summary, a new set of estimated cardiorespiratory fitness equations have been developed with predictive values ranging from 74 to 87% that could be used based on necessity, availability of equipment, resources, or measurement context. Moreover, similar to objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness, this measure of estimated cardiorespiratory fitness was positively associated with performance on language, fluency, cognitive flexibility, attention, and working memory, independently of sex, age, and education level.
本研究旨在开发专门用于老年人的心肺功能评估新公式，其次分析心肺功能（通过客观测量和新公式估算）与认知表现之间的关联。92 名老年人（41 名女性，65-75 岁）来自一项随机对照试验的基线数据（“ClinicalTrials.gov”标识符：NCT03923712）。参与者完成了 4 次测量，包括（i）实验室环境中的生理和健康指标，（ii）现场体能测试，（iii）社会人口学和身体活动问卷，以及（iv）一套神经心理学测试，以评估认知表现。主要发现如下：（i）开发了一套具有良好预测价值的新估计心肺功能公式（74-87%），使用不同的复杂程度和/或设备要求场景，（ii）更高的估计心肺功能，即使使用最简单的公式（eCRF= -1261.99 + 1.97×6 分钟步行测试（m）+ 1.12×生物电阻抗基础代谢率（kcal/天）+ 5.25×基础心率（bpm）），与通过多项神经心理学测试评估的更好的认知表现相关（即语言、认知灵活性、流畅性、注意力和工作记忆），类似于使用客观测量的心肺功能。总之，已经开发出了一组新的估计心肺功能公式，其预测值在 74%至 87%之间，可以根据需要、设备可用性、资源或测量环境来使用。此外，与客观测量的心肺功能相似，这种估计心肺功能的测量与语言、流畅性、认知灵活性、注意力和工作记忆的表现呈正相关，独立于性别、年龄和教育水平。
