Hosseini Azar, Pourheidar Elham, Rajabian Arezoo, Asadpour Elham, Hosseinzadeh Hossein, Sadeghnia Hamid Reza
Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran.
Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran.
Food Sci Nutr. 2022 Sep 20;11(1):249-260. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.3057. eCollection 2023 Jan.
Numerous studies have indicated the pharmacological properties of linalool, a volatile terpene alcohol found in many flowers and spice plants, including anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms of neuroprotection provided by (±) linalool and its enantiomer, (-(-) linalool against oxygen, and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in PC12 cells. PC12 cells were treated with (±) linalool and (-(-) linalool before exposure to OGD/R condition. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, DNA damage, and the levels of proteins related to apoptosis were evaluated using MTT, comet assay, and western blot analysis, respectively. IC values for the PC12 cells incubated with (±) linalool and -(-) linalool were 2700 and 2600 μM after 14 h, as well as 5440 and 3040 μM after 18 h, respectively. Survival of the ischemic cells pre-incubated with (±) linalool and (-(-) linalool (100 μM of both) increased compared to the cells subjected to the OGD/R alone ( < .001). ROS and MDA formation were also decreased following incubation with (±) linalool and -(-) linalool compared to the OGD/R group ( < .01). In the same way, pre-treatment with (±) linalool and -(-) linalool significantly reduced OGD/R-induced DNA injury compared to that seen in OGD/R group ( < .001). (±) Linalool and -(-) linalool also restored Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 ( < .001, < .01) following ischemic injury. The neuroprotective effect of linalool against ischemic insult might be mediated by alleviation of oxidative stress and apoptosis.
众多研究表明，芳樟醇具有药理特性。芳樟醇是一种挥发性萜烯醇，存在于许多花卉和香料植物中，具有抗伤害感受、抗炎和神经保护活性。本研究的目的是探讨（±）-芳樟醇及其对映体（-）-芳樟醇对PC12细胞抗氧及葡萄糖剥夺/复氧（OGD/R）损伤的神经保护机制。在暴露于OGD/R条件之前，用（±）-芳樟醇和（-）-芳樟醇处理PC12细胞。分别使用MTT法、彗星试验和蛋白质印迹分析评估细胞活力、活性氧（ROS）生成、丙二醛（MDA）水平、DNA损伤以及与凋亡相关的蛋白质水平。与（±）-芳樟醇和（-）-芳樟醇孵育14小时后，PC12细胞的IC值分别为2700和2600μM，孵育18小时后分别为5440和3040μM。与单独接受OGD/R处理的细胞相比，预先用（±）-芳樟醇和（-）-芳樟醇（均为100μM）孵育的缺血细胞存活率增加（P < 0.001）。与OGD/R组相比，用（±）-芳樟醇和（-）-芳樟醇孵育后，ROS和MDA的形成也减少（P < 0.01）。同样，与OGD/R组相比，用（±）-芳樟醇和（-）-芳樟醇预处理可显著降低OGD/R诱导的DNA损伤（P < 0.001）。缺血损伤后，（±）-芳樟醇和（-）-芳樟醇还恢复了Bax/Bcl-2比值，并裂解了caspase-3和caspase-9（P < 0.001，P < 0.01）。芳樟醇对缺血性损伤的神经保护作用可能是通过减轻氧化应激和凋亡来介导的。
