Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, 9211-116 Street NW, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G1H9, Canada.
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, 9211-116 Street NW, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G1H9, Canada.
Acta Biomater. 2023 Mar 15;159:21-37. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.024. Epub 2023 Jan 16.
Mast cells play a pivotal role in initiating and directing host's immune response. They reside in tissues that primarily interface with the external environment. Activated mast cells respond to environmental cues throughout acute and chronic inflammation through releasing immune mediators via rapid degranulation, or long-term de novo expression. Mast cell activation results in the rapid release of a variety of unique enzymes and reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, the increased density of mast cell unique receptors like mas related G protein-coupled receptor X2 also characterizes the inflamed tissues. The presence of these molecules (either released mediators or surface receptors) are particular to the sites of active inflammation, and are a result of mast cell activation. Herein, the molecular design principles for capitalizing on these novel mast cell properties is discussed with the goal of manipulating localized inflammation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Mast cells are immune regulating cells that play a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immune responses. The activation of mast cells causes the release of multiple unique profiles of biomolecules, which are specific to both tissue and disease. These unique characteristics are tightly regulated and afford a localized stimulus for targeting inflammatory diseases. Herein, these important mast cell attributes are discussed in the frame of highlighting strategies for the design of bioresponsive functional materials to target regions of inflammations.
肥大细胞在启动和指导宿主免疫反应方面发挥着关键作用。它们存在于主要与外部环境接触的组织中。激活的肥大细胞通过快速脱颗粒或长期从头表达释放免疫介质，对急性和慢性炎症中的环境线索做出反应。肥大细胞的激活导致各种独特的酶和活性氧的快速释放。此外，肥大细胞独特受体（如 MAS 相关 G 蛋白偶联受体 X2）的密度增加也表征了炎症组织。这些分子（无论是释放的介质还是表面受体）存在于活跃炎症部位，是肥大细胞激活的结果。本文讨论了利用这些新型肥大细胞特性的分子设计原则，以期操纵局部炎症。意义声明：肥大细胞是免疫调节细胞，在先天和适应性免疫反应中都起着至关重要的作用。肥大细胞的激活导致多种独特的生物分子释放，这些生物分子既具有组织特异性又具有疾病特异性。这些独特的特征受到严格调控，并为靶向炎症性疾病提供了局部刺激。本文从突出用于靶向炎症区域的生物响应性功能材料的设计策略的角度讨论了这些重要的肥大细胞属性。
