Evaluation of hydrocephalus shunts in the emergency room.

The workup of suspected shunt malfunction requires consideration of several factors, including history, physical and neurologic examinations, and appropriate laboratory and radiologic tests. Hydrocephalus is a benign condition, often compatible with normal neurologic function if properly controlled. It is therefore vital that patients with hydrocephalus have their shunts carefully maintained to avoid serious complications due to shunt obstruction and infection. By following the guidelines listed above, most shunt problems can be detected and appropriate consultation arranged.