Chakilam Shashikanth, Gaidys Rimvydas, Brożek Jolanta
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51424 Kaunas, Lithuania.
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, The University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2023 Jan 11;10(1):97. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering10010097.
This paper presents the ultrastructure morphology of trichoid sensilla using SEM and TEM data, along with a two-dimensional model of the trichoid sensilla developed in Amira software. The SEM images show the shape and scattering of the trichoid mechanosensilla over the flagellomere. The TEM images present the ultrastructural components, in which the hair rises from the socket via the joint membrane. The dendrite sheath is connected at the base of the hair shaft, surrounded by the lymph space and the socket septum. This dendrite sheath contains a tubular body with microtubules separated by the membrane (M) and granules (Gs). This study presents a model and simulation of the trichoid sensilla sensing mechanism, in which the hair deflects due to the application of external loading above it and presses the dendrite sheath attached to the hair base. The dendrite sheath is displaced by the applied force, transforming the transversal loading into a longitudinal deformation of the microtubules. Due to this longitudinal deformation, electric potential develops in the microtubule's core, and information is delivered to the brain through the axon. The sensilla's pivot point or point of rotation is presented, along with the relationship between the hair shaft length, the pivot point, and the electric potential distribution in the microtubules. This study's results can be used to develop ultra-sensitive, bioinspired sensors based on these ultrastructural components and their biomechanical studies.
本文利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）数据展示了毛形感器的超微结构形态，以及在Amira软件中开发的毛形感器二维模型。SEM图像显示了毛形机械感受器在鞭节上的形状和分布。TEM图像呈现了超微结构组成部分，其中毛从窝通过关节膜升起。树突鞘连接在毛干基部，被淋巴间隙和窝隔膜包围。该树突鞘包含一个管状结构，其中微管由膜（M）和颗粒（Gs）分隔。本研究提出了毛形感器传感机制的模型和模拟，其中毛由于其上方施加的外部载荷而发生偏转，并挤压附着在毛基部的树突鞘。树突鞘因施加的力而位移，将横向载荷转化为微管的纵向变形。由于这种纵向变形，微管核心产生电势，并通过轴突将信息传递给大脑。展示了感器的枢轴点或旋转点，以及毛干长度、枢轴点和微管中电势分布之间的关系。本研究结果可用于基于这些超微结构组成部分及其生物力学研究开发超灵敏的仿生传感器。
