College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 11;20(2):1321. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20021321.
In the 21st century, the tension between economic growth, resources and the environment in countries around the world is increasing, and the sustainable development of the economy and society is under great pressure. Green development has become the only way for countries to promote sustainable development. Generally, capitalist countries achieve their green development goals through increasingly strict environmental protection regulations, technological upgrading, industrial upgrading and global transfer based on market mechanisms and legal environments. Evidently, this green development strategy relies on the core position of Western countries in the global technological leadership and the global division of labor. However, limited in terms of their economic strength and by technical barriers, how can developing countries, led by China, in the marginal position in the global market competition, carry out green development transformation? In line with the "high-quality development" strategy, governments at all levels in China are actively exploring green development strategies with their own characteristics. Based on the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research and the face-to-face interview method, this paper summarizes a new strategy of systematic government-driven green development combining internal and external factors in the underdeveloped areas of inland China, which has gradually formed in the Xining metropolitan area (XMA) in the past 20 years. This strategy has the following characteristics: Firstly, during the period of rapid growth, the XMA areas have promoted each other through new urbanization and new industrialization and jointly promoted the formation of a green development turn in the new era. Secondly, the government is the core actor and driving force of China's regional green development and has gradually formulated and implemented a series of policy systems during this development. Restricted by local economic backwardness and low industrial profits, the implementation of green government policies tends to be mandatory. The majority of urban residents and rural people support this transformation because they have benefited from the transformation process. Thirdly, this green development strategy is reflected in many aspects, such as industry, ecology, the environment, space and transportation, and is part of a systematic, green-oriented transformation. Fourthly, the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics are the guarantee of the green development strategy. It is noteworthy that this kind of green development transformation requires a large amount of "additional" investment and the "rapid" upgrade of the industry. Therefore, it requires more time and the understanding and assistance of all sectors of society.
在 21 世纪，世界各国经济增长、资源与环境之间的矛盾日益加剧，经济社会的可持续发展面临巨大压力。绿色发展成为各国推动可持续发展的唯一途径。一般而言，资本主义国家通过基于市场机制和法律环境的日益严格的环境保护法规、技术升级、产业升级和全球转移来实现绿色发展目标。显然，这种绿色发展战略依赖于西方国家在全球技术领导地位和全球分工中的核心地位。然而，发展中国家，以中国为首，在全球市场竞争中处于边缘地位，经济实力有限，受到技术壁垒的限制，如何进行绿色发展转型？中国各级政府结合自身特点，积极探索具有自身特色的绿色发展战略。本文基于第二次青藏高原科学考察研究和面对面访谈方法，总结了中国内陆欠发达地区系统的政府驱动型绿色发展新战略，该战略在过去 20 年中已逐渐在内陆的西宁都市圈（XMA）形成。该战略具有以下特点：第一，在快速增长时期，XMA 地区通过新型城镇化和新型工业化相互促进，共同推动新时代绿色发展转型。第二，政府是中国区域绿色发展的核心行为体和推动力，在发展过程中逐步制定并实施了一系列政策体系。受地方经济落后和工业利润低的限制，绿色政府政策的实施往往具有强制性。城市居民和农村居民大多支持这种转型，因为他们从转型过程中受益。第三，这种绿色发展战略体现在产业、生态、环境、空间和交通等诸多方面，是一个系统的、绿色导向的转型的一部分。第四，中国特色社会主义制度的优势是绿色发展战略的保障。值得注意的是，这种绿色发展转型需要大量的“额外”投资和产业的“快速”升级，因此需要更多的时间以及社会各界的理解和支持。
