Chen Yang, Wang Lu, Liu Zhiliang, Su Du, Wang Yibo, Qi Yanping
Research Center for Marine Science, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
Hebei Key Laboratory of Ocean Dynamics, Resources and Environments, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
Life (Basel). 2023 Jan 9;13(1):192. doi: 10.3390/life13010192.
For the frequent occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the Qinhuangdao coastal sea (QCS) of the Bohai Sea in summer, we tested the hypothesis that high-biodiversity HAB species exist in the area, and a series of censuses of HAB species were conducted in the QCS in the summers of 2014-2019. Through morphological identification, we found 100 algae species representing 42 genera in 3 phytoplankton phyla in this study, among which Bacillariophyta was the most dominant phylum. We also found that the population density of Dinoflagellata increased from 2016 to 2019. In total, 59 HAB species were annotated in this study, including 39 of Bacillariophyta, 18 of Dinoflagellata and 2 of Ochrophyta, of which 13 HAB species were reported in the Bohai Sea for the first time, and most HAB species were widely distributed in the QCS in summer. Notably, four dominant HAB species displayed unique temporal and spatial distribution characteristics, while their distribution ranges and population densities increased from 2014 to 2019. The distributions of five environmental factors were different in the QCS, while the temperature, salinity, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen might be the key environmental factors influencing the distribution of dominant HAB species in the summer. In conclusion, this study provides a detailed evaluation of phytoplankton diversity and interannual variation in the QCS. The existence of a high level of biodiversity of algal bloom species suggests the need for long-term monitoring in order to further study and prevent potential HABs.
针对夏季渤海秦皇岛近岸海域（QCS）有害藻华（HABs）频繁发生的情况，我们检验了该区域存在高生物多样性有害藻华物种的假设，并于2014 - 2019年夏季在秦皇岛近岸海域开展了一系列有害藻华物种普查。通过形态学鉴定，本研究在3个浮游植物门类中发现了代表42个属的100种藻类，其中硅藻门是最主要的门类。我们还发现，从2016年到2019年，甲藻的种群密度有所增加。本研究共鉴定出59种有害藻华物种，包括硅藻门39种、甲藻门18种和褐藻门2种，其中有13种有害藻华物种是首次在渤海被报道，且多数有害藻华物种在夏季广泛分布于秦皇岛近岸海域。值得注意的是，4种优势有害藻华物种呈现出独特的时空分布特征，其分布范围和种群密度在2014年至2019年期间有所增加。秦皇岛近岸海域5种环境因子的分布存在差异，而温度、盐度和溶解无机氮可能是影响夏季优势有害藻华物种分布的关键环境因子。总之，本研究对秦皇岛近岸海域浮游植物多样性和年际变化进行了详细评估。有害藻华物种高度生物多样性的存在表明需要进行长期监测，以便进一步研究和预防潜在的有害藻华。
