Collares Lara J, Turchen Leonardo M, Guedes Raul Narciso C
Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 3657-900, MG, Brazil.
Neo Ventures, Rua Alameda Vicente Pinzon, 54, 9° Andar, Vila Olímpia, São Paulo 04547-130, SP, Brazil.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Jan 10;12(2):318. doi: 10.3390/plants12020318.
A 76-year literature survey and meta-analyses were carried out to recognize the trends, biases, and knowledge gaps of studies focusing on major groups of compounds of botanical origin, or phytochemicals, as insecticides. The survey found that the main phytochemicals prospected as insecticides belong to the following major chemical groups: terpenoids, terpenes, and carbonyl, all of which were tested, mainly against beetles (Coleoptera), caterpillars (i.e., larvae of Lepidoptera), and mosquitoes and other flies (i.e., Diptera). These studies are burgeoning at an exponential rate, with an evident focus on mortality endpoint estimates, but they are also neglecting sublethal assessments. China and India in Asia, as well as Brazil in the Americas, were responsible for most studies. The majority of the papers used stored grain insects as experimental models, which limits the applicability and representativeness of the findings. As a result, the main modes of exposure tested were fumigation and contact, which leads to the prevalence of estimates of lethal concentration in these studies. Therefore, a broader range of insect species deserves testing, with suitable modes of exposure identifying and characterizing the main molecules responsible for the insecticidal activity, which is seldom performed. Attention to these needs will circumvent current biases and allow the recognition of the main patterns of association between the origin and structure of phytochemicals and their insecticidal effects.
开展了一项为期76年的文献综述和荟萃分析，以识别聚焦于植物源主要化合物类别（即植物化学物质）作为杀虫剂的研究趋势、偏差和知识空白。该综述发现，有望作为杀虫剂的主要植物化学物质属于以下主要化学类别：萜类化合物、萜烯和羰基化合物，所有这些物质都进行了测试，主要针对甲虫（鞘翅目）、毛虫（即鳞翅目幼虫）以及蚊子和其他苍蝇（即双翅目）。这些研究正以指数级速度蓬勃发展，明显侧重于死亡率终点估计，但也忽略了亚致死评估。亚洲的中国和印度以及美洲的巴西开展了大部分研究。大多数论文使用储粮害虫作为实验模型，这限制了研究结果的适用性和代表性。因此，测试的主要暴露方式是熏蒸和接触，这导致这些研究中致死浓度估计占主导地位。因此，应测试更广泛的昆虫种类，并采用合适的暴露方式来识别和表征负责杀虫活性的主要分子，而这很少进行。关注这些需求将规避当前的偏差，并有助于识别植物化学物质的来源和结构与其杀虫效果之间的主要关联模式。
