Kremneva Oksana, Danilov Roman, Gasiyan Ksenia, Ponomarev Artem
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Research Center of Biological Plant Protection» (FSBSI FRCBPP), Krasnodar 350039, Russia.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Jan 14;12(2):391. doi: 10.3390/plants12020391.
Leaf airborne diseases cause major shortfalls in agricultural crops. The introduction of technical means can significantly improve early-warning systems for plant diseases as well as provide timely and accurate forecasts. In this paper, we aim to evaluate the possibilities of detecting a phytopathogenic infection using a spore-catching device developed at the Federal Research Center of Biological Plant Protection (FRCBPP) on winter wheat varieties of different levels of susceptibility to major economically important leaf diseases, taking into account climatic conditions. The device captures spores in the surface layer of air among crop plants. We conducted research in the experimental fields of FRCBPP in 2019-2021. The objects of the study were four cultivars of winter wheat. They were selected according to the degree of resistance to various leaf diseases. We studied the progress of wheat diseases according to generally accepted international scales the onset of the first manifestations to their maximum development. We studied the aerogenic infection in wheat crops using the FRCBPP developed portable device for determining the infestation of plants. Sampling was carried out in the same period as the visual assessment. The samples were taken in the crops of each variety at five points. The sampling time was one minute. As a result of research on experimental crops of four varieties of winter wheat, we observed the development of such diseases as powdery mildew (), yellow spot (), septoria leaf spot (), yellow and brown rust (. In a laboratory study of samples under a light microscope, all of the listed pathogens were found except for septoria leaf spot. Two-way analysis of variance confirmed the statistically significant separate and cumulative influence of the cultivar and year factor on winter wheat diseases. A generalized correlation analysis for three growing seasons (2019-2021) showed that an average statistically significant correlation coefficient (0.5-0.6) remains for the total groups for powdery mildew, yellow and brown rust. This indicator for the causative agent of yellow spot was equal to 0.4 with a high level of statistical significance. Thus, we conclude that by using a spore-catching device, it is possible to identify spores of economically significant pathogens in winter wheat crops and predict the further development of pathogens, taking into account the cultivar and annual climate factors.
叶部气传病害会导致农作物大幅减产。引入技术手段可显著改善植物病害预警系统，并提供及时准确的预测。本文旨在评估利用俄罗斯联邦生物植物保护研究中心（FRCBPP）研发的孢子捕捉装置，在考虑气候条件的情况下，检测不同易感程度的冬小麦品种对主要经济重要叶部病害的植物病原感染的可能性。该装置可捕捉作物植株间空气表层中的孢子。我们于2019 - 2021年在FRCBPP的试验田进行了研究。研究对象为四个冬小麦品种。它们是根据对各种叶部病害的抗性程度挑选出来的。我们按照普遍接受的国际标准研究了小麦病害从首次出现症状到充分发展的过程。我们使用FRCBPP研发的便携式装置研究了小麦作物中的气传感染情况，以确定植株的感染程度。采样与目视评估在同一时期进行。在每个品种的作物中选取五个点进行采样。采样时间为一分钟。对四个冬小麦品种的试验作物进行研究的结果表明，观察到了白粉病、黄斑病、叶斑病、条锈病和叶锈病等病害的发生。在对样本进行的实验室光学显微镜研究中，除叶斑病外，发现了所有上述病原体。双因素方差分析证实了品种和年份因素对冬小麦病害的单独和累积影响具有统计学意义。对三个生长季（2019 - 2021年）进行的广义相关分析表明，白粉病、条锈病和叶锈病总体组的平均统计显著相关系数为（0.5 - 0.6）。黄斑病病原体的这一指标为0.4，具有高度统计学意义。因此，我们得出结论，通过使用孢子捕捉装置，考虑到品种和年度气候因素，有可能识别冬小麦作物中具有经济重要性病原体的孢子，并预测病原体的进一步发展。
