Martin M V, Buckhalt J A, Pipes R B, Nivens M K, Katz J A
Department of Counselor Education, Auburn University, Alabama 36849-3501.
J Clin Psychol. 1987 Sep;43(5):456-62. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(198709)43:5<456::aid-jclp2270430504>3.0.co;2-i.
The relationship between experiences with noncontingency and attributional style was examined in experimental and correlational models. One hundred and twenty-six college student subjects were provided noncontingent, contingent, or no feedback as to the correctness of their responses on a concept discrimination problem. They then completed an attributional style questionnaire, a scale designed to measure life experiences with noncontingency, and a depression inventory. The experimental hypothesis was that exposure to noncontingent outcomes, both in a laboratory and historically, would result in more depressive attributions than would exposure to contingent outcomes or to no outcomes. The manipulation of feedback contingencies produced the predicted effect on attributions for positive and negative events combined into a single composite difference score. A correlation between life experiences with noncontingency and attributions was found only for the positive events measure. However, such life experiences were correlated significantly with depression.
在实验模型和相关模型中，研究了非偶然性经历与归因方式之间的关系。126名大学生受试者在概念辨别问题上，针对其回答的正确性被给予非偶然性、偶然性或无反馈。然后，他们完成了一份归因方式问卷、一个旨在测量非偶然性生活经历的量表以及一份抑郁量表。实验假设是，无论是在实验室环境还是历史经历中，接触非偶然性结果都会比接触偶然性结果或无结果导致更多的抑郁性归因。对反馈偶然性的操纵，对合并为单个综合差异分数的积极和消极事件的归因产生了预期效果。仅在积极事件测量中，发现非偶然性生活经历与归因之间存在相关性。然而，此类生活经历与抑郁显著相关。
