新冠病毒奥密克戎变异株 BA.4/BA.5 刺突突变导致近期接种疫苗个体 T 细胞逃逸。

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/BA.5 Mutations in Spike Leading to T Cell Escape in Recently Vaccinated Individuals.

机构信息

Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.

出版信息

Viruses. 2022 Dec 29;15(1):101. doi: 10.3390/v15010101.

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) lineages rapidly became dominant in various countries reflecting its enhanced transmissibility and ability to escape neutralizing antibodies. Although T cells induced by ancestral SARS-CoV-2-based vaccines also recognize Omicron variants, we showed in our previous study that there was a marked loss of T cell cross-reactivity to spike epitopes harboring Omicron BA.1 mutations. The emerging BA.4/BA.5 subvariants carry other spike mutations than the BA.1 variant. The present study aims to investigate the impact of BA.4/BA.5 spike mutations on T cell cross-reactivity at the epitope level. Here, we focused on universal T-helper epitopes predicted to be presented by multiple common HLA class II molecules for broad population coverage. Fifteen universal T-helper epitopes of ancestral spike, which contain mutations in the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 variants, were identified utilizing a bioinformatic tool. T cells isolated from 10 subjects, who were recently vaccinated with mRNA-based BNT162b2, were tested for functional cross-reactivity between epitopes of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike and the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 spike counterparts. Reduced T cell cross-reactivity in one or more vaccinees was observed against 87% of the tested 15 non-conserved CD4 T cell epitopes. These results should be considered for vaccine boosting strategies to protect against Omicron BA.4/BA.5 and future SARS-CoV-2 variants.

摘要

SARS-CoV-2 的奥密克戎(B.1.1.529)谱系迅速在各国占据主导地位,这反映了其增强的传染性和逃避中和抗体的能力。尽管基于原始 SARS-CoV-2 的疫苗诱导的 T 细胞也能识别奥密克戎变异株,但我们在之前的研究中表明,T 细胞对刺突表位的交叉反应性明显丧失,这些表位含有奥密克戎 BA.1 突变。新兴的 BA.4/BA.5 亚变异株携带的刺突突变与 BA.1 变异株不同。本研究旨在探讨 BA.4/BA.5 刺突突变对表位水平 T 细胞交叉反应性的影响。在这里,我们专注于预测由多种常见 HLA Ⅱ类分子呈递的通用 T 辅助表位,以实现广泛的人群覆盖。利用生物信息学工具,确定了原始刺突中包含奥密克戎 BA.4/BA.5 变异株突变的 15 个通用 T 辅助表位。从最近接种 mRNA 疫苗 BNT162b2 的 10 名受试者中分离 T 细胞,测试其与原始 SARS-CoV-2 刺突和奥密克戎 BA.4/BA.5 刺突对应物之间的表位的功能交叉反应性。在 15 个测试的非保守 CD4 T 细胞表位中,有 87%的疫苗接种者的 T 细胞交叉反应性降低。在针对奥密克戎 BA.4/BA.5 和未来 SARS-CoV-2 变异株的疫苗加强策略中应考虑这些结果。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8d03/9863717/3fa9e16602a8/viruses-15-00101-g001.jpg

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