Milec Zbyněk, Strejčková Beáta, Šafář Jan
Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czechia.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Jan 6;13:1093792. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1093792. eCollection 2022.
Vernalization is a period of low non-freezing temperatures, which provides the competence to flower. This mechanism ensures that plants sown before winter develop reproductive organs in more favourable conditions during spring. Such an evolutionary mechanism has evolved in both monocot and eudicot plants. Studies in monocots, represented by temperate cereals like wheat and barley, have identified and proposed the () gene as a key player in the vernalization response. belongs to MADS-box transcription factors and is expressed in the leaves and the apical meristem, where it subsequently promotes flowering. Despite substantial research advancement in the last two decades, there are still gaps in our understanding of the vernalization mechanism. Here we summarise the present knowledge of wheat vernalization. We discuss allelic variation, review vernalization models, talk copy number variation and devernalization phenomenon. Finally, we suggest possible future directions of the vernalization research in wheat.
春化作用是一段低温但不结冰的时期，它赋予植物开花的能力。这种机制确保了冬前播种的植物在春季更有利的条件下发育生殖器官。这种进化机制在单子叶植物和双子叶植物中都已演化形成。以小麦和大麦等温带谷类作物为代表的单子叶植物研究已经鉴定并提出（）基因是春化反应中的关键因子。（）属于MADS盒转录因子，在叶片和顶端分生组织中表达，随后在这些部位促进开花。尽管在过去二十年里研究取得了重大进展，但我们对春化机制的理解仍存在空白。在此，我们总结了目前关于小麦春化作用的知识。我们讨论了（）等位基因变异，回顾了春化模型，探讨了（）拷贝数变异和去春化现象。最后，我们提出了小麦春化作用研究未来可能的方向。
