影响中国农村老年人社会参与能力的因素：一项横断面研究。
Factors influencing the social participation ability of rural older adults in China: A cross-sectional study.
机构信息
School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, Shanxi, China.
出版信息
Front Public Health. 2023 Jan 4;10:1001948. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1001948. eCollection 2022.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the epidemiology and influencing factors of social participation ability of rural older adults in China.
METHODS
From March to April 2021, 3450 older adults in poverty aged 60 and above registered in Jishishan County (J County) were selected by cluster sampling for a cross-sectional questionnaire survey and their social participation ability was assessed using the Ability Assessment of older adults (MZ/T039-2013). The results were statistically analyzed and an ordered multi-category logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the effect of influencing factors on the social participation ability of rural older adults.
RESULTS
3,346 questionnaires were collected, with an effective recovery rate of 96.99%. Out of all the participants, 1,355 (40.5%) of the 3,346 cases had intact social participation ability, while 1,991 (59.5%) had different degrees of loss of social participation ability, of which 1,393 (41.14%) were mildly impaired, 419 (12.5%) were moderately impaired and 179 (5.3%) were severely impaired. Age, educational level, religious belief, living status, whether suffering from dementia and the occurrence of accidents in recent 30 days were influencing factors on the social participation ability ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The rate of impaired social participation ability among older adults was >50% and age, educational level, religious beliefs, living status, whether suffering from dementia, and the occurrence of accidents in recent 30 days (such as falls, choking, loss) were significant factors influencing the ability of social participation of rural older adults.
目的
调查中国农村老年人社会参与能力的流行病学及影响因素。
方法
2021 年 3 至 4 月，采用整群抽样方法抽取绩溪县登记在册的 3450 名 60 岁及以上建档立卡贫困老年人进行横断面问卷调查，采用老年人能力评估量表（MZ/T039-2013）评估其社会参与能力。对结果进行统计学分析，采用有序多分类 Logistic 回归分析农村老年人社会参与能力的影响因素作用。
结果
共收回有效问卷 3346 份，有效回收率为 96.99%。3346 名调查对象中，有完整社会参与能力者 1355 例（40.5%），不同程度丧失社会参与能力者 1991 例（59.5%），其中轻度受损 1393 例（41.14%）、中度受损 419 例（12.5%）、重度受损 179 例（5.3%）。年龄、文化程度、宗教信仰、居住状况、是否患有痴呆、近 30 天内有无意外事件发生是社会参与能力的影响因素（<0.05）。
结论
农村老年人社会参与能力受损率>50%，年龄、文化程度、宗教信仰、居住状况、是否患有痴呆、近 30 天内有无意外事件发生（如跌倒、噎呛、走失）是影响农村老年人社会参与能力的显著因素。
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