Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Front Public Health. 2022 Aug 22;10:874204. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.874204. eCollection 2022.
Social participation has become a policy framework to address population aging. However, little is known about the social participation of older adults in western China, and extensive, multicenter, regional research is lacking. This research investigated the profiles of social participation of older adults in western China and explored the characteristics and factors influencing social participation.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in 3 provinces (Chongqing, Sichuan, and Inner Mongolia) in western China from March 2021 to December 2021 and included 3,456 participants aged 60 years or older. Social participation was assessed using the Chinese version of the Impact on Participation and Autonomy Questionnaire (IPA). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed to extract latent classes of social participation among older adults in western China. The chi-square test and multinomial regression analyses were used to identify differences between these classes.
Three social participation classes were identified by LPA: high social participation (25.2%), moderate social participation (55.1%), and low social participation (19.7%). Being older, having a primary school education level, having mobility or speaking impairment, using assistive devices, and having a chronic disease were highly associated with the low social participation class ( < 0.05). Furthermore, older adults with no dependence (OR = 0.018, 95% CI = 0.005-0.062) or mild dependence (OR = 0.039, 95% CI = 0.011-0.139) in activities of daily living (ADLs) were less likely to be in the low social participation class. Older adults who were cared for by non-spouse primary caregivers were more likely to be assigned to the moderate social participation group (OR = 2.097, 95% CI = 1.501-2.930) than to the high social participation group.
Most older adults in western China have a moderate level of social participation. Advanced age, reduced ADL ability, reduced speech ability, reduced mobility, and non-spouse care are related to the level of social participation. Healthcare professionals should pay attention to the predictors for different classes, identifying high-risk groups as early as possible.
社会参与已成为应对人口老龄化的政策框架。然而，关于中国西部老年人的社会参与情况知之甚少，且缺乏广泛的、多中心的区域性研究。本研究调查了中国西部老年人社会参与的特征，并探讨了影响社会参与的特点和因素。
本横断面研究于 2021 年 3 月至 12 月在我国西部的 3 个省（重庆、四川和内蒙古）进行，纳入 3456 名 60 岁及以上的参与者。采用中文版参与和自主影响问卷（IPA）评估社会参与情况。采用潜在剖面分析（LPA）提取中国西部老年人社会参与的潜在类别。采用卡方检验和多项回归分析比较这些类别的差异。
LPA 确定了 3 种社会参与类别：高社会参与（25.2%）、中社会参与（55.1%）和低社会参与（19.7%）。年龄较大、小学及以下文化程度、行动或言语障碍、使用辅助器具和患有慢性病与低社会参与类别的关联性较强（<0.05）。此外，日常生活活动（ADL）无依赖或轻度依赖的老年人（ADL 无依赖：OR=0.018，95%CI=0.005-0.062；ADL 轻度依赖：OR=0.039，95%CI=0.011-0.139）不太可能属于低社会参与类。由非配偶主要照顾者照顾的老年人更有可能被归入中社会参与组（OR=2.097，95%CI=1.501-2.930），而非高社会参与组。
中国西部大多数老年人的社会参与程度处于中等水平。较高的年龄、ADL 能力下降、言语能力下降、行动能力下降和非配偶照顾与社会参与水平相关。医护人员应关注不同类别人群的预测因素，尽早识别高危人群。
