Meister Seraina L, Wyss Fabia, Wenker Christian, Hoby Stefan, Basso Walter U
Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
Institute of Animal Pathology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2022 Dec 26;20:46-55. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.12.005. eCollection 2023 Apr.
Avian haemosporidian parasites are widespread and infect birds from a broad variety of avian families with diverse consequences ranging from subclinical infections to severe and fatal disease. This study aimed to determine the occurrence and diversity of avian haemosporidia including associated clinical signs and pathomorphological lesions in captive and free-ranging, wild birds from two zoos and the near environment in Switzerland. Blood samples from 475 birds, including 230 captive and 245 free-ranging, wild individuals belonging to 42 different avian species from 15 orders were examined for the presence of avian haemosporidian DNA by a one-step multiplex PCR designed to simultaneously detect and discriminate the genera , and by targeting mitochondrial genome sequences. Positive samples were additionally tested using a nested PCR targeting the cytochrome gene of and . The obtained amplicons were bidirectionally sequenced. This study revealed haemosporidian DNA in 42 samples, belonging to ten host species. The most commonly detected lineage was SGS1, which was identified in 29 birds (: n = 24, : n = 1, : n = 1, : n = 1, : n = 1, : n = 1), followed by sp. STRURA03 in six avian hosts (: n = 5, = 1), GRW11 in four individuals (: n = 3, : n = 1) and GRW06 in one . A was infected with , but the exact lineage could not be determined. One mixed infection with and sp. was detected in a . Only five individuals (: n = 2, : n = 1, : n = 1, : n = 1) showed clinical and pathomorphological evidence of a haemosporidian infection.
禽血孢子虫寄生虫广泛存在，感染来自众多鸟类科的鸟类，产生的后果多种多样，从亚临床感染到严重和致命疾病。本研究旨在确定瑞士两家动物园及其周边环境中圈养和自由放养的野生鸟类中禽血孢子虫的发生情况和多样性，以及相关的临床症状和病理形态学病变。对来自15个目42种不同鸟类的475只鸟的血样进行检测，其中包括230只圈养鸟和245只自由放养的野生鸟，通过一步多重PCR检测禽血孢子虫DNA的存在，该PCR旨在通过靶向线粒体基因组序列同时检测和区分疟原虫属、血变原虫属和住白细胞虫属。对阳性样本进一步使用靶向疟原虫属和血变原虫属细胞色素b基因的巢式PCR进行检测。对获得的扩增子进行双向测序。本研究在42个样本中发现了血孢子虫DNA，这些样本属于10个宿主物种。最常检测到的谱系是疟原虫属SGS1，在29只鸟中被鉴定出来（家麻雀：n = 24，黄腰柳莺：n = 1，大山雀：n = 1，树麻雀：n = 1，家燕：n = 1，金翅雀：n = 1），其次是血变原虫属sp. STRURA03在6只鸟类宿主中（家麻雀：n = 5，黄腰柳莺：n = 1），疟原虫属GRW11在4只个体中（家麻雀：n = 3，黄腰柳莺：n = 1），疟原虫属GRW06在1只黄腰柳莺中。一只家麻雀感染了疟原虫属，但无法确定确切的谱系。在一只黄腰柳莺中检测到疟原虫属和血变原虫属的混合感染。只有5只个体（家麻雀：n = 2，黄腰柳莺：n = 1，大山雀：n = 1，树麻雀：n = 1）表现出血孢子虫感染的临床和病理形态学证据。
