Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.
China Grassland Research Center, School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
Ecology. 2023 Apr;104(4):e3973. doi: 10.1002/ecy.3973. Epub 2023 Feb 6.
Understanding the spatial scaling of population stability is critical for informing conservation strategies. A recently proposed metric for quantifying how population stability varies across scales is the invariability-area relationship (IAR), but the underlying drivers shaping IARs remain unclear. Using 15-year records of 249 bird species in 1035 survey transects in North America, we derived the IAR for each species by calculating population temporal invariability at different spatial scales (i.e., number of routes) and investigated how species IARs were influenced by functional traits and environmental factors. We found that species with faster life history traits and reduced flight efficiency had higher IAR intercepts (i.e., locally more stable), whereas migratory species exhibited higher IAR slopes (i.e., a faster gain of stability with increasing spatial scale). In addition, spatial correlation in temperature and vegetation structure synchronized bird population dynamics over space and thus decreased IAR slopes. By demonstrating the joint influence of functional traits and environmental factors on bird population stability across scales, our results highlight the need for dynamic conservation strategies tailored to particular types of species in an era of global environmental changes.
理解种群稳定性的空间尺度对于制定保护策略至关重要。最近提出了一种度量方法来量化种群稳定性在不同尺度上的变化,即不变性-面积关系(IAR),但塑造 IAR 的潜在驱动因素仍不清楚。本研究利用北美 1035 条调查样线中 249 种鸟类 15 年的记录,通过计算不同空间尺度(即路线数量)上的种群时间不变性,得出了每个物种的 IAR,并探讨了物种 IAR 如何受到功能特征和环境因素的影响。研究结果表明,生活史特征较快且飞行效率较低的物种具有更高的 IAR 截距(即局部稳定性更高),而迁徙物种则具有更高的 IAR 斜率(即随着空间尺度的增加稳定性的增益更快)。此外,温度和植被结构的空间相关性在空间上同步了鸟类种群的动态,从而降低了 IAR 斜率。本研究结果表明,功能特征和环境因素对鸟类种群稳定性的跨尺度联合影响,强调了在全球环境变化时代,需要针对特定类型的物种制定动态保护策略。