School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2023 Mar;194:114709. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114709. Epub 2023 Jan 20.
Atherosclerosis, a chronic cardiovascular disease caused by plaque development in arteries, remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Atherosclerotic plaques are characterized by the expression and regulation of key molecules such as cell surface receptors, cytokines, and signaling pathway proteins, potentially facilitating precise diagnosis and treatment on a molecular level by specifically targeting the characteristic molecules. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in the past five years on developing molecularly targeted nanomedicine for imaging detection and treatment of atherosclerosis with the use of inorganic nanoparticles. Through targeted delivery of imaging contrast nanoparticles to specific molecules in atherogenesis, atherosclerotic plaque development at different stages could be identified and monitored via various molecular imaging modalities. We also review molecularly targeted therapeutic approaches that target and regulate molecules associated with lipid regulation, inflammation, and apoptosis. The review is concluded with discussion on current challenges and future development of nanomedicine for atherosclerotic diagnosis and treatment.
动脉粥样硬化是一种由动脉斑块形成引起的慢性心血管疾病，仍然是发病率和死亡率的主要原因。动脉粥样硬化斑块的特征在于细胞表面受体、细胞因子和信号通路蛋白等关键分子的表达和调节，通过特异性靶向特征分子，有可能在分子水平上进行精确的诊断和治疗。在这篇综述中，我们强调了过去五年在利用无机纳米粒子为成像检测和治疗动脉粥样硬化开发分子靶向纳米医学方面的最新进展。通过将成像对比纳米颗粒靶向递送至动脉粥样硬化形成过程中的特定分子，可以通过各种分子成像模式来识别和监测不同阶段的动脉粥样硬化斑块的发展。我们还回顾了靶向和调节与脂质调节、炎症和细胞凋亡相关的分子的分子靶向治疗方法。本文最后讨论了用于动脉粥样硬化诊断和治疗的纳米医学的当前挑战和未来发展。
