Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
J Med Entomol. 2023 Mar 6;60(2):356-363. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjad004.
The German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), is one of the most critical urban pests globally due to the health risks it imposes on people, such as asthma. Insecticides are known to manage large cockroach population sizes, but the rapid rate at which they develop resistance is a continuing problem. Dealing with insecticide resistance can be expensive and time-consuming for both the consumer and the pest management professional (PMP) applying the treatment. Each cockroach population is unique because different strains have different insecticide susceptibilities, so resistance profiles must be considered. This study addressed the above issue in a controlled laboratory setting. Cockroach strains from Indianapolis, Indiana, Danville, Illinois, and Baltimore, Maryland, USA were used. Four insecticide active ingredients (AIs) most used by consumers and PMPs were selected for testing in vial bioassays to establish resistance profiles. Next, no-choice and choice feeding assays with four currently registered bait products were performed to assess the impacts of competing food and circadian rhythms on bait resistance levels. The results indicate that emamectin benzoate (Optigard) was the most effective AI in causing the highest mortality in all strains in vial and no-choice bioassays; whereas, the other AIs and products were more impacted by resistance. The results acquired from these studies can help develop rapid tests for use by PMPs based on the no-choice feeding assay while also adding more information supporting current resistance and cross-resistance evolution theories.
德国蟑螂（Blattella germanica）是全球最重要的城市害虫之一，因为它会给人类带来健康风险，如哮喘。众所周知，杀虫剂可用于控制大量的蟑螂种群，但它们的抗药性发展速度很快，这是一个持续存在的问题。对于消费者和应用处理的害虫管理专业人员（PMP）来说，处理抗药性问题既昂贵又耗时。由于不同的品系对杀虫剂的敏感性不同，因此每个蟑螂种群都是独特的，必须考虑其抗药性谱。本研究在受控的实验室环境中解决了上述问题。使用了来自美国印第安纳州印第安纳波利斯、伊利诺伊州丹维尔和马里兰州巴尔的摩的蟑螂种群。选择了四种最常被消费者和 PMP 使用的杀虫剂活性成分（AIs）进行瓶测生物测定，以确定抗药性谱。接下来，进行了无选择和选择喂养测定，使用了四种目前注册的诱饵产品，以评估竞争食物和昼夜节律对诱饵抗药性水平的影响。结果表明，在瓶测和无选择生物测定中，埃玛菌素苯甲酸盐（Optigard）是最有效的 AI，可导致所有品系的死亡率最高；而其他 AIs 和产品则更容易受到抗药性的影响。这些研究的结果可以帮助 PMP 基于无选择喂养测定开发快速测试，同时还提供更多信息来支持当前的抗药性和交叉抗药性演变理论。
