Dütsch Matthias, Ganesch Franziska, Struck Olaf
Chair of Labour Studies, Otto-Friedrich University of Bamberg, Feldkirchenstraße 21, 96052 Bamberg, Germany; Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Nöldnerstraße 40-42, 10317 Berlin, Germany.
Chair of Labour Studies, Otto-Friedrich University of Bamberg, Feldkirchenstraße 21, 96052 Bamberg, Germany.
Adv Life Course Res. 2019 Jun;40:43-84. doi: 10.1016/j.alcr.2019.03.002. Epub 2019 Mar 13.
To what extent do regional characteristics influence employment trajectories? Do regional factors diversely affect the employment careers of different sociodemographic groups? By investigating these questions, we extend current life course research in two ways: First, from a conceptual perspective, we use approaches from regional economics in addition to established sociological labour market theories to gain insights into the effects of regional determinants on individual labour market outcomes. Second, from a methodological point of view, we conduct event history analyses based on a German dataset that contains information on individuals, firms and regions. Our results show that there are considerable regional heterogeneities regarding population density and the amount of human capital endowment, both of which influence working careers differently. Regional agglomeration predominantly offers opportunities in terms of employment trajectories, while regional human capital accumulation increases employment risks. Additionally, our findings indicate that group-specific inequalities with respect to employment careers can be weakened or even strengthened by regional frame conditions. Female and foreign employees benefit most from denser regions and from a higher human capital endowment. By contrast, the unemployment risks of workers who previously experienced unemployment periods during their working lives are increased by both of these regional characteristics. Findings regarding education level are mixed: Workers with occupational qualifications profit from regional agglomeration to a greater extent than do low or even generally qualified workers. However, a high local human capital endowment leads to skill segregation between vocationally trained and highly qualified employees.
区域特征在多大程度上影响就业轨迹？区域因素对不同社会人口群体的就业生涯是否有不同影响？通过研究这些问题，我们从两个方面扩展了当前的生命历程研究：第一，从概念角度来看，除了既定的社会学劳动力市场理论外，我们还运用区域经济学方法来深入了解区域决定因素对个体劳动力市场结果的影响。第二，从方法论角度来看，我们基于一个包含个人、企业和区域信息的德国数据集进行事件史分析。我们的研究结果表明，在人口密度和人力资本禀赋数量方面存在相当大的区域异质性，这两者对工作生涯的影响各不相同。区域集聚在就业轨迹方面主要提供机会，而区域人力资本积累则增加就业风险。此外，我们的研究结果表明，就业生涯方面特定群体的不平等可能会因区域框架条件而被削弱甚至加强。女性和外国员工从人口密度更高的地区和更高的人力资本禀赋中受益最大。相比之下，在工作生涯中曾经历过失业期的工人的失业风险会因这两个区域特征而增加。关于教育水平的研究结果喜忧参半：具有职业资格的工人比低学历甚至一般资质的工人从区域集聚中获益更多。然而，当地高人力资本禀赋会导致受过职业培训的员工和高素质员工之间出现技能隔离。
