The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
Dev Psychopathol. 2024 Feb;36(1):379-394. doi: 10.1017/S0954579422001262. Epub 2023 Jan 26.
The present study examined high-risk personality traits and associations with psychopathology across multiple levels of a hierarchical-dimensional model of psychopathology in a large adolescent, general population sample. Confirmatory factor analyses were run using data from two randomized controlled trials of Australian adolescents ( = 8,654, mean age = 13.01 years, 52% female). A higher-order model - comprised of general psychopathology, fear, distress, alcohol use/harms, and conduct/inattention dimensions - was selected based on model fit, reliability, and replicability. Indirect-effects models were estimated to examine the unique associations between high-risk personality traits (anxiety sensitivity, negative thinking, impulsivity, and sensation seeking) and general and specific dimensions and symptoms of psychopathology. All personality traits were positively associated with general psychopathology. After accounting for general psychopathology, anxiety sensitivity was positively associated with fear; negative thinking was positively associated with distress; impulsivity was positively associated with conduct/inattention; and sensation seeking was positively associated with alcohol use/harms and conduct/inattention, and negatively associated with fear. Several significant associations between personality traits and individual symptoms remained after accounting for general and specific psychopathology. These findings contribute to our understanding of the underlying structure of psychopathology among adolescents and have implications for the development of personality-based prevention and early intervention programs.
本研究在一个大型青少年一般人群样本中，在精神病理学的分层多维模型的多个层次上，检查了高危人格特质与精神病理学的关联。使用来自澳大利亚青少年的两项随机对照试验的数据（n=8654，平均年龄=13.01 岁，52%为女性）进行了验证性因素分析。基于模型拟合度、可靠性和可重复性，选择了一个更高阶的模型——包括一般精神病理学、恐惧、痛苦、酒精使用/伤害和行为/注意力不集中维度。估计了间接效应模型，以检验高危人格特质（焦虑敏感性、消极思维、冲动性和感觉寻求）与一般和特定维度和精神病理学症状之间的独特关联。所有人格特质都与一般精神病理学呈正相关。在考虑一般精神病理学之后，焦虑敏感性与恐惧呈正相关；消极思维与痛苦呈正相关；冲动性与行为/注意力不集中呈正相关；感觉寻求与酒精使用/伤害和行为/注意力不集中呈正相关，与恐惧呈负相关。在考虑一般和特定精神病理学之后，人格特质与个别症状之间仍存在一些显著关联。这些发现有助于我们理解青少年精神病理学的潜在结构，并对基于人格的预防和早期干预计划的发展具有启示意义。
