Cai Shenwen, Zhou Shaoqi, Yan Xiong, Xiao Ye, Cheng Junwei, Wang Qinghe, Zeng Boping
College of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, China.
College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Mar;30(15):44845-44860. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-25533-4. Epub 2023 Jan 26.
In order to assess the metal pollution in the Wujiang River, concentrations of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd, As, and Hg in the water, sediments, and two fish species Cyprinus carpio and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco from the middle reaches (Tuomugang, TMG) and lower reaches (Wulong, WL) of the Wujiang River were examined. The results indicated that all metal concentrations were lower than the values for grade one water quality according to the Environment Quality Standard for Surface Water of China (GB 3838-2002). The bioavailable fraction concentrations of Zn, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Hg in WL were significantly higher than those in TMG (p < 0.05), indicating that these metals in sediments of WL have higher bioavailability and mobility. The Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, As, and Hg were mainly related to the residual fraction, while the Mn and Cd were mainly associated with the non-residual fraction. The risk assessment code (RAC) and the secondary phase to the primary phase (RSP) values indicated that Mn and Cd have a high risk of secondary release. The mean metal concentrations in the liver of the two fish species were higher than those in muscle. The higher metal concentrations of fish in WL suggested that bioaccumulation of metals in fish could be influenced by metal bioavailability. No identical relationships between metal concentrations and fish length were manifested in the present study. The values of target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI), and carcinogenic risk (CR) of metals for the consumption of C. carpio and P. fulvidraco indicated that the anglers would likely not experience significant non-carcinogenic risk, but the carcinogenic risk of As cannot be ignored. Thanks to prohibited commercial fishing in the Wujiang River, the metal pollution will probably not pose a health risk to the general public for wild fish consumption.
为评估乌江的金属污染状况，对乌江中游（驮木岗，TMG）和下游（武隆，WL）的水体、沉积物以及两种鱼类（鲤鱼和黄颡鱼）中的铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）、铁（Fe）、锰（Mn）、铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）、砷（As）和汞（Hg）浓度进行了检测。结果表明，根据中国地表水环境质量标准（GB 3838 - 2002），所有金属浓度均低于一类水质标准值。WL中锌、铁、锰、铅和汞的生物可利用态组分浓度显著高于TMG（p < 0.05），表明WL沉积物中的这些金属具有更高的生物有效性和迁移性。铜、锌、铁、铅、砷和汞主要与残渣态相关，而锰和镉主要与非残渣态相关。风险评估代码（RAC）和次生相与原生相的比值（RSP）表明，锰和镉具有较高的二次释放风险。两种鱼类肝脏中的金属平均浓度高于肌肉中的浓度。WL中鱼类的金属浓度较高，表明鱼类体内金属的生物累积可能受金属生物有效性的影响。本研究未发现金属浓度与鱼体长度之间存在相同的关系。食用鲤鱼和黄颡鱼时，金属的目标危害商（THQ）、危害指数（HI）及致癌风险（CR）值表明，垂钓者可能不会面临显著的非致癌风险，但砷的致癌风险不容忽视。由于乌江实施了禁渔政策，金属污染可能不会对公众食用野生鱼类构成健康风险。
