Voice and Swallow Clinic, UWHealth, Madison, WI.
Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, New York University, NY.
Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2023 Mar 9;32(2):717-732. doi: 10.1044/2022_AJSLP-22-00197. Epub 2023 Jan 26.
The purpose of this study was to index cognitive resource usage for acquisition of initial targets of two common voice therapy techniques (resonant voice therapy [RVT] and conversation training therapy [CTT]) based on the theorized depletion effect (i.e., when an initial task requiring high cognitive load leads to poorer performance on a subsequent task).
Eleven vocally healthy participants, ages 23-41 years, read aloud the Rainbow Passage and produced consonant-vowel resonant targets (/mi, ma, mu/) followed by a baseline computerized Stroop task and a 15-min washout. Following this baseline period, participants watched and interacted with two videos instructing them in RVT or CTT initial targets. After viewing each video and practicing the associated vocal skills, participants rated the degree of mental effort required to engage in the target vocal technique on a modified Borg scale. Participants recorded their attempts at RVT on /mi, ma, mu/ and CTT on the Rainbow Passage, which were later rated by three voice-specialized speech-language pathologists as to how representative they were of each respective target technique. Changes in fundamental frequency and average auditory-perceptual ratings from baseline were examined to determine if participants adjusted their technique from RVT and CTT baseline to acquisition.
Performance on the Stroop task was, on average, worse post CTT than post RVT, but both post-CTT and post-RVT Stroop scores were poorer than baseline. These results suggest that both treatment techniques taxed cognitive resources but that CTT was more cognitively taxing than RVT. However, despite differences in raw averages, no statistically significant differences were found between the baseline, post-CTT, and post-RVT Stroop scores, likely due to the small sample size. Participant ratings of mental effort for CTT and RVT were statistically similar. Likewise, poorer post-RVT Stroop scores were associated with participants' greater perceived mental effort with RVT acquisition, but there was no significant association between mental effort ratings for CTT acquisition and post-CTT Stroop scores. Significantly higher fundamental frequency and perceived ratings of the accuracy of technique from baseline to acquisition for both CTT and RVT were found, providing evidence of vocal behavior changes as a result of each technique.
Brief exposure to initial treatment tasks in CTT is more cognitively depleting than initial RVT tasks. Results also indicate that vocally healthy participants are able to make a voice change in response to a brief therapy prompt. Finally, participant-rated measures of mental effort and secondary measures of cognitive depletion do not always correlate.
本研究旨在根据理论上的消耗效应（即当最初需要高认知负荷的任务导致后续任务表现较差时），为两种常见的语音治疗技术（共鸣语音治疗 [RVT] 和会话训练治疗 [CTT]）的初始目标的认知资源使用情况建立索引。
11 名嗓音健康的参与者，年龄 23-41 岁，朗读彩虹通道，并发出辅音元音共振目标 (/mi、ma、mu/)，然后进行基线计算机斯特鲁普任务和 15 分钟的清洗。在这段基线期之后，参与者观看并与两个视频互动，向他们介绍 RVT 或 CTT 的初始目标。观看完每个视频并练习相关的发声技巧后，参与者使用改良的 Borg 量表对参与目标发声技术所需的精神努力程度进行评分。参与者记录他们在 /mi、ma、mu/ 上的 RVT 尝试和 CTT 的彩虹通道尝试，然后由三名专门从事语音病理学的语音病理学家对每个技术的代表性进行评分。从基线检查基频和平均听觉感知评分的变化，以确定参与者是否从 RVT 和 CTT 基线调整到了获取。
在 CTT 后，斯特鲁普任务的表现平均比 RVT 后差，但 CTT 后和 RVT 后斯特鲁普分数都比基线差。这些结果表明，两种治疗技术都消耗了认知资源，但 CTT 比 RVT 更消耗认知资源。然而，尽管平均值存在差异，但在基线、CTT 后和 RVT 后斯特鲁普分数之间没有发现统计学上的显著差异，这可能是由于样本量小。参与者对 CTT 和 RVT 的精神努力程度的评分在统计学上相似。同样，在 RVT 获得过程中，参与者对 RVT 感知的精神努力程度较差与较差的 RVT 后斯特鲁普分数相关，但 CTT 获得过程中精神努力程度的评分与 CTT 后斯特鲁普分数之间没有显著关联。在 CTT 和 RVT 中，从基线到获取，基频和感知技术准确性评分都显著升高，这表明由于每种技术的声音行为发生了变化。
简短的 CTT 初始治疗任务比初始 RVT 任务更具认知消耗性。结果还表明，健康的参与者能够响应简短的治疗提示做出声音变化。最后，参与者评定的精神努力程度和次要的认知消耗度测量并不总是相关的。
