Peng Kun, Li Zhao, Gao Tian-Rui, Lv Jia, Wang Wen-Jing, Zhan Ping, Yao Wen-Cong, Zhao Hui, Wang Hua, Xu De-Xiang, Huang Yichao, Tan Zhu-Xia
Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China.
Environ Res. 2023 Apr 1;222:115334. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115334. Epub 2023 Jan 24.
Accumulating data demonstrate that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) exposure is linked to compromised respiratory diseases. This study aimed to analyze urinary PAH metabolites and their associations with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a sample size of 3015 subjects from a total population of 50,588 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2007-2016. Results showed that the most predominant metabolite was 1-Hydroxynaphthalene (1-NAP, 84%) with a geometric mean concentration of 50,265 ng/L, followed by its homologue 2-NAP (10%), both of which arose from sources including road emission, smoking and cooking. Multiple logistic regression showed that seven of the ten major PAH metabolites were correlated with increased COPD risk: including 1-NAP (OR: 1.83, 95%CI: 1.25, 2.69), 2-Hydroxyfluorene (2-FLU, OR: 2.29, 95%CI: 1.42, 3.68) and 1-Hydroxyphenanthrene (1-PHE, OR: 2.79, 95%CI: 1.85, 4.21), when compared to the lowest tertile after adjusted for covariates. Total exposure burden per PAH congener sub-group demonstrated persistent positive correlation with COPD for ∑PHE (OR: 1.80, 95%CI: 1.34, 2.43) and ∑FLU (OR: 2.74, 95%CI: 1.77, 4.23) after adjusted for covariates. To address the contribution of PAH exposure as mixture towards COPD, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression analyses revealed that 1-NAP, 9-Hydroxyfluorene (9-FLU), 3-Hydroxyfluorene (3-FLU) and 1-PHE were among the top contributors in the associations with COPD. Our results demonstrate the contemporary yet ongoing exposure burden of PAH exposure for over a decade, particularly towards NAPs and FLUs that contribute significantly to COPD risk, calling for more timely environmental regulation.
越来越多的数据表明，接触多环芳烃（PAH）与呼吸系统疾病受损有关。本研究旨在分析2007年至2016年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）中50588名总人群的3015名受试者样本中尿PAH代谢物及其与慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的关联。结果显示，最主要的代谢物是1-羟基萘（1-NAP，84%），几何平均浓度为50265 ng/L，其次是其同系物2-NAP（10%），两者均来自道路排放、吸烟和烹饪等来源。多因素logistic回归显示，十种主要PAH代谢物中的七种与COPD风险增加相关：包括1-NAP（OR：1.83，95%CI：1.25，2.69）、2-羟基芴（2-FLU，OR：2.29，95%CI：1.42，3.68）和1-羟基菲（1-PHE，OR：2.79，95%CI：1.85，4.21），与调整协变量后的最低三分位数相比。在调整协变量后，每个PAH同系物亚组的总暴露负担与COPD呈持续正相关，对于∑PHE（OR：1.80，95%CI：1.34，2.43）和∑FLU（OR：2.74，95%CI：1.77，4.23）。为了探讨PAH暴露混合物对COPD的贡献，加权分位数和（WQS）回归分析显示，1-NAP、9-羟基芴（9-FLU）、3-羟基芴（3-FLU）和1-PHE是与COPD关联的主要贡献者。我们的结果表明，PAH暴露在过去十年中持续存在且不断增加，特别是对COPD风险有显著贡献的萘类和芴类，需要更及时的环境监管。
