Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Apr 15;869:161790. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161790. Epub 2023 Jan 24.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and pathogens derived from food animals and their associated environments have emerged as challenging threats to humans from a health perspective, but our understanding of these risks and their key prevention and control points in the current intensive breeding industry remains poor. By creating an integral composition and risk profile of the resistome and microbiome through metagenomics in feces, flies, dust, sewage, and soil along the four-stage laying hen production chain, we found that the whole production chain is a hotspot for antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) with 374 known subtypes and pathogens, including 157 human pathogenic bacteria (HPB). Feces and flies were identified as major risk sources for these contaminations. Also, we confirmed a twin-risk of AMR and pathogenicity prevailing throughout the chain, but with different frequencies in each stage; thus, high-risk ARGs in the young chicken stage and highly prioritized HPB in the chick stage contributed 37.33 % to the total AMR risk and 36.36 % to the pathogenic risks, respectively, thus rendering the two stages to be the key prevention points. Moreover, the prevalence of 112 binned ARG supercarriers (for example, Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring 20 ARGs) was unraveled along the production chain, especially in feces, flies, and dust, and 87 potential hosts exhibited high pathogenic risk, high-risk AMR, or both, with 262 ARGs and 816 virulence factor genes. Overall, this study provides first-hand comprehensive data on high-risk ARGs and their pathogenic hosts in the intensive laying hen production chain, and thus is fundamentally important for developing new measures to help control the global AMR crisis induced through the animal-environment-human pathway.
抗微生物药物耐药性（AMR）和源自食用动物及其相关环境的病原体已成为从健康角度对人类构成的具有挑战性的威胁，但我们对这些风险及其在当前集约化养殖产业中的关键防控要点的了解仍然有限。通过对粪便、苍蝇、灰尘、污水和土壤中沿蛋鸡生产链的四个阶段进行宏基因组学分析，构建了抗药基因组和微生物组的综合组成和风险概况，我们发现整个生产链是抗微生物药物耐药基因（ARGs）和病原体的热点，包括 157 种人类致病菌（HPB）。粪便和苍蝇被确定为这些污染的主要来源。此外，我们还证实了 AMR 和致病性在整个链条中普遍存在的双重风险，但在每个阶段的频率不同；因此，小鸡阶段的高风险 ARG 和小鸡阶段的高优先级 HPB 分别对总 AMR 风险和致病性风险的贡献为 37.33%和 36.36%，因此这两个阶段是关键的防控点。此外，沿着生产链揭示了 112 个分类 ARG 超级载体（例如，携带 20 个 ARG 的肺炎克雷伯菌）的流行情况，特别是在粪便、苍蝇和灰尘中，87 个潜在宿主表现出高致病性风险、高风险 AMR 或两者兼而有之，携带 262 个 ARG 和 816 个毒力因子基因。总的来说，这项研究提供了集约化蛋鸡生产链中高风险 ARG 及其致病宿主的第一手综合数据，对于制定新措施帮助控制通过动物-环境-人类途径引发的全球 AMR 危机具有重要意义。
