Zarchi Gal, Sherman Maya, Gady Omer, Herzig Tomer, Idan Ziv, Greenbaum Dov
Reichman University (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Tel Aviv District, Israel.
Zvi Meitar Institute for Legal Implications of Emerging Technologies, Herzliya, Tel Aviv District, Israel.
Front Digit Health. 2023 Jan 10;4:1028249. doi: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.1028249. eCollection 2022.
Not all blockchains are created equal, and many cannot accommodate all of the primary characteristics of big data: Variety, Velocity, Volume and Veracity. Currently, public blockchains are slow and clunky, it can be expensive to keep up with the velocity of genomic data production. Further, the transparent and universally accessible nature of public blockchain doesn't necessarily accommodate all of the variety of sequence data, including very private information. Bespoke private permissioned blockchains, however, can be created to optimally accommodate all of the big data features of genomic data. Further, private permissioned chains can be implemented to both protect the privacy and security of the genetic information therein, while also providing access to researchers. An NFT marketplace associated with that private chain can provide the discretized sale of anonymous and encrypted data sets while also incentivizing individuals to share their data through payments mediated by smart contracts. Private blockchains can provide a transparent chain of custody for each use of the customers' data, and validation that this data is not corrupted. However, even with all of these benefits there remain some concerns with the implementation of this new technology including the ethical, legal and social implications typically associated with DNA databases.
并非所有区块链都是一样的,许多区块链无法满足大数据的所有主要特征:多样性、速度、体量和准确性。目前,公共区块链速度慢且操作笨拙,跟上基因组数据产生的速度成本高昂。此外,公共区块链的透明性和普遍可访问性不一定能容纳所有类型的序列数据,包括非常私密的信息。然而,可以创建定制的私有许可区块链,以最佳地适应基因组数据的所有大数据特征。此外,可以实施私有许可链,以保护其中遗传信息的隐私和安全,同时也为研究人员提供访问权限。与该私有链相关联的非同质化代币(NFT)市场可以提供匿名和加密数据集的离散销售,同时通过智能合约介导的支付激励个人分享他们的数据。私有区块链可以为客户数据的每次使用提供透明的保管链,并验证此数据未被篡改。然而,即使有所有这些好处,这项新技术的实施仍存在一些问题,包括通常与DNA数据库相关的伦理、法律和社会影响。