Ukwubile Cletus Anes, Malgwi Troy Salvia, Ikpefan Emmanuel Oise, Modu Babagana, Umeano Vivian Amarachukwu
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria.
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2023 Apr 24;306:116169. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116169. Epub 2023 Jan 24.
Spondias venulosa is a medicinal plant whose leaves are popularly used for decades in Northeast Nigeria as a first-choice medicinal plants for the treatment of diabetes. This claim has not been proven scientifically.
The present study was carried out to determine the physicochemical profiles, acute, sub-chronic toxicities, and antidiabetic activity the leaf extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
The physicochemical parameters of S. venulosa leaves, acute, subchronic toxicities, and antidiabetic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats were determined using standard procedures. All physicochemical parameters were carried out triplicate. Acute and subchronic toxicity studies were carried out following OECD guidelines by administering maximum extract dose of 2000 mg/kg orally to Wistar rats. Subchronic toxicity and antidiabetic studies were carried out in rats of opposite sexes at doses 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg (orally).
Results obtained showed that the moisture content, water soluble extractive, and organic matter had values of 4.98 ± 1.01, 12.04 ± 1.24 and 1.01 ± 0.01% w/w respectively. The metallic contents of the methanol leaf extract revealed the presence of zinc with value of 12.01 ± 1.01 ppm (normal range:< 100 mg/kg DM) and copper with value of 6.24 ± 2.14 ppm (normal range:< 30 mg/kg DM). Oral median lethal dose (LD) was estimated to be greater than 2000 mg/kg since the extract did not produce any sign of toxicity or death in short term while, subchronic toxicity study showed that there was no significant weight loss in the rats after 28 days of extract administration. All hematology and biochemical parameters showed no elevated values when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Histopathological examinations of major organs do not show signs of organ damages which indicate that the extract was safe at the doses administered. Oral administration of extract doses for 30 days reduced blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats in dose-dependent manner compared (p < 0.05) to standard drug (Glibenclamide).
Our study showed some physicochemical parameters of S. venulosa leaf which are essential for its identification from closely related species in traditional medicine. The study further showed that S. venulosa methanol leaf extract possessed antidiabetic activity, thus, justifying its use for the treatment of diabetes in Nigeria. However, there is need to identify and investigate the bioactive compound(s) responsible for the activity towards drug discovery.
多脉腰骨藤是一种药用植物，在尼日利亚东北部，其叶子数十年来一直被广泛用作治疗糖尿病的首选药用植物。但这一说法尚未得到科学证实。
本研究旨在确定多脉腰骨藤叶提取物的理化性质、急性和亚慢性毒性以及对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠的抗糖尿病活性。
采用标准程序测定多脉腰骨藤叶的理化参数、急性和亚慢性毒性以及对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠的抗糖尿病活性。所有理化参数均重复测定三次。急性和亚慢性毒性研究按照经合组织指南进行，给Wistar大鼠口服最大提取物剂量2000mg/kg。亚慢性毒性和抗糖尿病研究在不同性别的大鼠中进行，剂量分别为300、600和1200mg/kg（口服）。
结果表明，水分含量、水溶性提取物和有机物含量分别为4.98±1.01、12.04±1.24和1.01±0.01%（w/w）。甲醇叶提取物的金属含量显示存在锌，含量为12.01±1.01ppm（正常范围：<100mg/kg干物质），铜含量为6.24±2.14ppm（正常范围：<30mg/kg干物质）。口服半数致死剂量（LD）估计大于2000mg/kg，因为提取物在短期内未产生任何毒性迹象或死亡。亚慢性毒性研究表明，给药28天后大鼠体重没有显著减轻。与对照组相比，所有血液学和生化参数均未显示升高值（p<0.05）。主要器官的组织病理学检查未显示器官损伤迹象，这表明在所给药剂量下提取物是安全的。与标准药物（格列本脲）相比，口服提取物30天可使四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠血糖水平呈剂量依赖性降低（p<0.05）。
我们的研究显示了多脉腰骨藤叶的一些理化参数，这些参数对于在传统医学中从近缘物种中识别它至关重要。该研究进一步表明，多脉腰骨藤甲醇叶提取物具有抗糖尿病活性，因此证明了其在尼日利亚用于治疗糖尿病的合理性。然而，需要鉴定和研究负责该活性的生物活性化合物，以用于药物研发。
