Host genetics regulate the plant microbiome.

Plants recruit a taxonomically diverse microbial community, collectively termed the plant microbiome, that includes mutualists, pathogens, and commensals. These myriad microorganisms are robustly intertwined with their hosts and can determine plant fate by influencing fitness and growth or offering protection from detrimental bacteria, fungi, and herbivores. Recent studies have revealed significant effects of host genome diversity on plant-microbiome assembly and how host genetics determine microbiome composition, which is crucial for beneficial functions. The few host loci identified through genome-wide association studies suggest that genes involved in plant development, immunity, nutrient uptake, and root exudates regulate plant-microbiome community structure. Elucidating the role of host genetics in plant-microbiome assembly is key to understanding how plant-microbiome interactions are evolving and how to unlock the breeding and engineering potential of the microbiome for sustainable agriculture.