Gohari Nasrin, Dastgerdi Zahra Hosseini, Rouhbakhsh Nematollah, Afshar Sara, Mobini Razieh
Hearing Disorders Research Center, Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
J Audiol Otol. 2023 Jan;27(1):1-9. doi: 10.7874/jao.2022.00283. Epub 2023 Jan 10.
Understanding speech in the presence of noise is difficult and challenging, even for people with normal hearing. Accurate pitch perception, coding and decoding of temporal and intensity cues, and cognitive factors are involved in speech perception in noise (SPIN); disruption in any of these can be a barrier to SPIN. Because the physiological representations of sounds can be corrected by exercises, training methods for any impairment can be used to improve speech perception. This study describes the various types of bottom-up training methods: pitch training based on fundamental frequency (F0) and harmonics; spatial, temporal, and phoneme training; and top-down training methods, such as cognitive training of functional memory. This study also discusses music training that affects both bottom-up and top-down components and speech training in noise. Given the effectiveness of all these training methods, we recommend identifying the defects underlying SPIN disorders and selecting the best training approach.
即使对于听力正常的人来说，在有噪音的情况下理解语音也是困难且具有挑战性的。准确的音高感知、时间和强度线索的编码与解码以及认知因素都参与了噪声环境下的语音感知（SPIN）；这些方面中的任何一个出现障碍都可能成为SPIN的阻碍。由于声音的生理表征可以通过练习得到纠正，因此针对任何损伤的训练方法都可用于改善语音感知。本研究描述了各种自下而上的训练方法：基于基频（F0）和谐波的音高训练；空间、时间和音素训练；以及自上而下的训练方法，如功能性记忆的认知训练。本研究还讨论了影响自下而上和自上而下成分的音乐训练以及噪声环境下的语音训练。鉴于所有这些训练方法的有效性，我们建议识别SPIN障碍背后的缺陷并选择最佳训练方法。
