Past, present and future of genomics for kidney stone disease.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

To summarize the latest findings and developments in genomics for kidney stone disease (KSD) that help to understand hereditary pathomechanisms, identify high risk stone formers, provide early treatment and prevent recurrent kidney stone formation.

RECENT FINDINGS

Several gene loci associated to KSD have presently been discovered in large Genome-wide association studies. Monogenic causes are rare, but are thought to have higher penetrance, while polygenic causes are more frequent with less penetrance. Although there is a great effort identifying genetic causes of KSD, targeted therapies are scarce.

SUMMARY

There have been great advancements in genetic research in identifying genetic variants associated with KSD. Identifying these variants and understanding the underlying pathophysiology will not only provide individual risk assessment but open the way for new treatment targets and preventive care strategies.