Patchen Bonnie K, Balte Palavi, Bartz Traci M, Barr R Graham, Fornage Myriam, Graff Mariaelisa, Jacobs David R, Kalhan Ravi, Lemaitre Rozenn N, O'Connor George, Psaty Bruce, Seo Jungkyun, Tsai Michael Y, Wood Alexis C, Xu Hanfei, Zhang Jingwen, Gharib Sina A, Manichaikul Ani, North Kari, Steffen Lyn M, Dupuis Josée, Oelsner Elizabeth, Hancock Dana B, Cassano Patricia A
Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY.
medRxiv. 2023 Jan 18:2023.01.18.23284671. doi: 10.1101/2023.01.18.23284671.
Inflammation contributes to lung function decline and the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties and may benefit lung health.
Investigate associations of omega-3 fatty acids with lung function decline and incident airway obstruction in adults of diverse races/ethnicities from general population cohorts.
Complementary study designs: (1) longitudinal study of plasma phospholipid omega-3 fatty acids and repeated FEV and FVC measures in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Pooled Cohorts Study, and (2) two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) study of genetically predicted omega-3 fatty acids and lung function parameters.
The longitudinal study found that higher omega-3 fatty acid concentrations were associated with attenuated lung function decline in 15,063 participants, with the largest effect sizes for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). One standard deviation higher DHA was associated with an attenuation of 1.8 mL/year for FEV (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-2.2) and 2.4 mL/year for FVC (95% CI 1.9-3.0). One standard deviation higher DHA was also associated with a 9% lower incidence of spirometry-defined airway obstruction (95% CI 0.86-0.97). DHA associations persisted across sexes, smoking histories, and Black, white and Hispanic participants, with the largest magnitude associations in former smokers and Hispanics. The MR study showed positive associations of genetically predicted omega-3 fatty acids with FEV and FVC, with statistically significant findings across multiple MR methods.
The longitudinal and MR studies provide evidence supporting beneficial effects of higher circulating omega-3 fatty acids, especially DHA, on lung health.
炎症会导致肺功能下降以及慢性阻塞性肺疾病的发展。ω-3脂肪酸具有抗炎特性，可能有益于肺部健康。
研究来自普通人群队列的不同种族/族裔成年人中，ω-3脂肪酸与肺功能下降及新发气道阻塞之间的关联。
采用互补性研究设计：（1）在国家心肺血液研究所合并队列研究中，对血浆磷脂ω-3脂肪酸及重复的第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV）和用力肺活量（FVC）测量值进行纵向研究；（2）对基因预测的ω-3脂肪酸与肺功能参数进行两样本孟德尔随机化（MR）研究。
纵向研究发现，在15,063名参与者中，较高的ω-3脂肪酸浓度与肺功能下降减缓相关，其中二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的效应量最大。DHA每升高一个标准差，FEV每年衰减减少1.8毫升（95%置信区间[CI] 1.3 - 2.2），FVC每年衰减减少2.4毫升（95% CI 1.9 - 3.0）。DHA每升高一个标准差，肺活量测定定义的气道阻塞发生率也降低9%（95% CI 0.86 - 0.97）。DHA的关联在不同性别、吸烟史以及黑人、白人和西班牙裔参与者中均持续存在，在前吸烟者和西班牙裔中关联程度最大。MR研究显示，基因预测的ω-3脂肪酸与FEV和FVC呈正相关，多种MR方法均有统计学显著结果。
纵向研究和MR研究提供了证据，支持较高循环水平的ω-3脂肪酸，尤其是DHA，对肺部健康有益。
