Tan Jiajian, Wang Miaomiao, Sun Haiqing, Wang Chao, Wei Hongkui, Jiang Siwen, Zhou Yuanfei, Peng Jian
Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Guangxi Yang Xiang Joint Stock Company, Guigang 537000, China.
Anim Nutr. 2022 Oct 19;12:227-235. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.06.023. eCollection 2023 Mar.
The effects of age, body weight (BW), and backfat thickness (BF) of replacement gilts at first estrus and first mating on their subsequent reproductive performance and retention of their first 2 parities as sows was evaluated. A total of 3,025 Danish replacement gilts were categorized by farm (allocated to 4 farms), cross combination, age, BW and BF at first estrus and first mating, estrous cycle number at first mating, and flush feeding before first mating. The result shows that all the factors mentioned above were significantly associated with reproductive performance and retention rates of the first 2 parities. Farm 3 had more piglets born alive per litter (BA) ( < 0.05). Farms 3 and 4 had more healthy piglets per litter (HP) ( < 0.05). Farm 4 had the most piglets weaned per litter (PW) ( < 0.05). Landrace × Landrace × Yorkshire (L × L × Y) replacement gilts had the most total piglets born per litter (TB), BA, HP, PW and a higher retention rate of the 2 parities than Landrace × Yorkshire (L × Y) replacement gilts ( < 0.05). In addition, flush feeding before first mating had the most TB, BA, HP, PW, and a higher retention rate of the 2 parities than no flush feeding ( < 0.05). Because the effects of replacement gilts rearing parameters on reproductive performance traits differed, we used 100 replacement gilts as a unit and the total number of weaned piglets from the first 2 parities as a new index. Replacement gilts undergoing their first estrus between 180 and 210 d of age at 115 to 124.9 kg BW and 14 to 15 mm BF had significantly higher reproductive indexes for their first 2 parities per 100 replacement gilts. Replacement gilts that mated between 210 and 230 d of age at 140 to 149.9 kg BW and 15 to 16 mm BF had optimal reproductive indexes. These results provide a new insight into the complex relationships among these reproductive performance traits and may help guide successful management of replacement gilts as a pivotal starting point for future fertility and longevity of rearing herds.
评估了初情期和首次配种时后备小母猪的年龄、体重（BW）和背膘厚度（BF）对其后续繁殖性能以及作为母猪头两胎留种率的影响。总共3025头丹麦后备小母猪按农场（分配到4个农场）、杂交组合、初情期和首次配种时的年龄、BW和BF、首次配种时的发情周期数以及首次配种前的催情补饲进行分类。结果表明，上述所有因素均与繁殖性能和头两胎的留种率显著相关。农场3每窝产活仔数（BA）更多（P<0.05）。农场3和4每窝健康仔猪数（HP）更多（P<0.05）。农场4每窝断奶仔猪数（PW）最多（P<0.05）。长白×长白×大白（L×L×Y）后备小母猪每窝总产仔数（TB）、BA、HP、PW最多，且头两胎的留种率高于长白×大白（L×Y）后备小母猪（P<0.05）。此外，首次配种前进行催情补饲的TB、BA、HP、PW最多，且头两胎的留种率高于未进行催情补饲的（P<0.05）。由于后备小母猪饲养参数对繁殖性能性状的影响不同，我们以100头后备小母猪为一个单位，将头两胎断奶仔猪总数作为一个新指标。初情期在180至210日龄、体重115至124.9千克、背膘厚度14至15毫米的后备小母猪，每100头后备小母猪头两胎的繁殖指数显著更高。210至230日龄、体重140至149.9千克、背膘厚度15至16毫米时配种的后备小母猪繁殖指数最佳。这些结果为这些繁殖性能性状之间的复杂关系提供了新的见解，并可能有助于指导成功管理后备小母猪，这是未来育种群繁殖力和寿命的关键起点。
