Instituto Aggeu Magalhães-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Departamento de Entomologia, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil.
Instituto Aggeu Magalhães-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Núcleo de Estatística e Geoprocessamento, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2023 Jan 30;17(1):e0011091. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011091. eCollection 2023 Jan.
The elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) from Brazil by 2020 was not accomplished; however, this goal can be achieved in the upcoming years with the assistance of specific strategies. The surveillance of LF can be performed using molecular xenomonitoring (MX), a noninvasive method used to infer the presence of the parasite in the human population. Herein, São Luís (state of Maranhão) was the first city to be investigated to identify whether LF transmission in Brazil has been interrupted and if there were any new incursions.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Mosquitoes were collected by aspiration at 901 points distributed among 11 neighborhoods in São Luís with records of patients with microfilaremia. Pools of engorged or gravid Culex quinquefasciatus females were evaluated by WbCx duplex PCR with endogenous control for mosquitoes and target for W. bancrofti for determining the vector infection rate. Among the 10,428 collected mosquitoes, the most abundant species were C. quinquefasciatus (85%) and Aedes aegypti (12%). Significantly larger numbers of mosquitoes were collected from the neighborhoods of Areinha and Coreia (p<0.05). MX performed using PCR validated 705 pools of engorged or gravid females, fifteen of which were positive for Wuchereria bancrofti in two neighborhoods.
The high density of engorged C. quinquefasciatus females per home, inadequate sanitation, and detection of W. bancrofti-infected mosquitoes in the city of São Luís represent a warning of the possible upsurge of LF, a disease that is still neglected; this underscores the need for the ostensive monitoring of LF in Brazil.
巴西未能在 2020 年前消除淋巴丝虫病（LF）；然而，在特定策略的帮助下，这一目标可以在未来几年内实现。LF 的监测可以通过分子 xenomonitoring（MX）进行，这是一种非侵入性方法，用于推断人群中寄生虫的存在。在此，圣路易斯（马拉尼昂州）是第一个被调查的城市，以确定巴西的 LF 传播是否已经中断，以及是否有新的传入。
方法/主要发现：在圣路易斯的 11 个街区的 901 个点通过抽吸收集蚊子，这些点都有微丝蚴血症患者的记录。用 WbCx 双重 PCR 评估充满或怀孕的库蚊雌蚊池，该方法带有内源性对照用于蚊子，以及目标为 W. bancrofti，用于确定媒介感染率。在收集的 10428 只蚊子中，最丰富的物种是 C. quinquefasciatus（85%）和 Aedes aegypti（12%）。来自 Areinha 和 Coreia 街区的蚊子数量明显更多（p<0.05）。使用经 PCR 验证的 705 个充满或怀孕的雌蚊池进行 MX，其中两个街区的 15 个池对 Wuchereria bancrofti 呈阳性。
每个家庭中充满的 C. quinquefasciatus 雌蚊密度高、卫生条件差以及在圣路易斯市检测到感染 W. bancrofti 的蚊子，都表明 LF 可能会突然爆发，这种疾病仍然被忽视；这突显了巴西进行 LF 显性监测的必要性。
