School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong.
Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong; Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Apr 20;870:161778. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161778. Epub 2023 Jan 28.
Emerging evidence suggests neighborhood greenness is associated with physical activity; however, the sitting-specific associations with multi-source greenness metrics remain unclear, especially in high-density cities.
This cross-sectional study examined: 1) the associations of street-view greenness (SVG) and traditional greenness metrics (i.e., Normalized Difference Vegetable Index (NDVI) and park density) with sitting time; 2) the potential moderating/mediating roles of objective/perceived air pollution and perceived roadside noise; and 3) how the associations vary by demographics and socioeconomic status.
Interview survey data of 1977 adults in Hong Kong from 2014 and 2015 was linked to environmental data. Using an object-based image classification algorithm, SVG was derived from Google Street View images, capturing human-viewed street-level greenery. NDVI was derived from Landsat 8 satellite images using the normalized difference between the near-infrared and red bands. Park density was calculated by point density. In the main analyses including regressions, parallel mediation, interaction, and stratified models, the environmental metrics were measured within a 1000-m Euclidean buffer of residence.
SVG and park density were negatively associated with sitting time after adjusting for covariates including physical activity while NDVI was not significantly associated with sitting time, and results were robust with 800-1800 m Euclidean and 1400-1800 m network distance. Greenness-sitting associations were not moderated/mediated by perceived air pollution/roadside noise while SVG-sitting associations were moderated by objective NO, O, and PM and mediated by O. SVG-sitting associations differed by age, having under-school-aged children, birthplace, education, and occupation type while associations between traditional greenness metrics and prolonged sitting showed no significant population heterogeneity.
SVG appears to be more accurate in estimating exposure than traditional metrics to reflect greenness-sitting associations, objective air pollution moderating and mediating roles, and population heterogeneity, which emphasizes the importance of street-level greenness planning for health promotion in terms of reducing sitting time.
新出现的证据表明，邻里绿化与身体活动有关；然而，多源绿化指标与久坐行为的具体关联仍不清楚，尤其是在高密度城市。
本横断面研究调查了：1）街景绿化（SVG）和传统绿化指标（即归一化植被指数（NDVI）和公园密度）与久坐时间的关系；2）客观/感知空气污染和感知路边噪声的潜在调节/中介作用；3）这些关联如何因人口统计学和社会经济地位而异。
2014 年至 2015 年，对来自香港的 1977 名成年人进行访谈调查，并将其与环境数据相关联。使用基于对象的图像分类算法，从 Google 街景图像中提取人类视角的街道绿化水平，以获取 SVG。使用近红外和红色波段之间的归一化差异，从 Landsat 8 卫星图像中提取 NDVI。公园密度通过点密度计算。在包括回归、平行中介、交互和分层模型在内的主要分析中，环境指标是在居住地 1000 米欧几里得缓冲区内测量的。
调整包括体力活动在内的协变量后，SVG 和公园密度与久坐时间呈负相关，而 NDVI 与久坐时间无显著相关性，结果在 800-1800 米欧几里得和 1400-1800 米网络距离上具有稳健性。感知空气污染/路边噪声并未调节/中介绿化与久坐之间的关系，而 SVG 与久坐之间的关系受到客观 NO、O 和 PM 的调节，并受到 O 的中介。SVG 与久坐的关联因年龄、有学龄前儿童、出生地、教育程度和职业类型而异，而传统绿化指标与久坐时间延长之间的关联在不同人群中没有显著差异。
SVG 似乎比传统指标更能准确估计暴露情况，以反映绿化与久坐之间的关联、客观空气污染的调节和中介作用，以及人口统计学的异质性，这强调了街道层面绿化规划在促进健康方面的重要性，尤其是在减少久坐时间方面。
