Caregiver perceptions of psychotropic medication in residential facilities.

Direct caregivers (designated as "psychopaedic nurses" in New Zealand) in two public residential facilities were surveyed regarding their perceptions, opinions, and knowledge of psychotropic drugs. Of 276 individuals contacted, 227 (82%) returned usable questionnaires. The results indicated that unit supervisors (charge nurses) and unit doctors were perceived as wielding most influence on decisions regarding psychotropic drugs, whereas caregivers based outside residential units were seen as having little influence. Aggressive/destructive behavior and, to a smaller extent, self-injurious behavior were seen as the most likely problem behaviors to lead to medication use. Subjective measures were generally favored for assessing drug effects although, in a hypothetical "ideal" situation, nurses gave increasing priority to more objective indices. Endorsement of behavior modification as an alternative to pharmacotherapy was generally high. A large majority of these caregivers (85%) expressed dissatisfaction with their training concerning psychotropic drugs. Finally, data were presented on drug topics about which respondents wanted to learn more and about changes they wished to see instated in their facilities. Our principal conclusion was that these data indicate a need for more education on a variety of social, pharmacological, and behavioral issues as they relate to medication use.