Ohanu M, Ezenwugo U C, Nwafia I, Ebede S
Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State, Nigeria.
West Afr J Med. 2023 Jan 30;40(1):121-124.
Mankind has developed strategies to mitigate calamitous pandemics, by using vaccines. Eradication of some diseases was successful through usage of vaccines. Lassa, Yellow, Crimean-Congo, Marburg and Ebola viruses need special attention. Lassa fever, that now has a candidate vaccine, was discovered in 1969 when two missionary nurses died in Nigeria, while Yellow fever has a vaccine from its 17D attenuated strain. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever is a widespread tick-borne viral disease, and the nucleoprotein and glycoproteins are identified for inclusion in a vaccine. Marburg virus is highly pathogenic with mortality rate of 90%. Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa in 2013-2016 necessitated an early introduction of a vaccine. The classical vaccine platforms are commonly used for human vaccines, and next-generation platforms, are being developed. Development of a novel multivalent vaccine against viral haemorrhagic fevers will eliminate the difficulties of single vaccines and may lead to the eradication of these diseases.
人类已通过使用疫苗制定了减轻灾难性大流行的策略。通过使用疫苗成功根除了一些疾病。拉沙病毒、黄热病病毒、克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒、马尔堡病毒和埃博拉病毒需要特别关注。拉沙热于1969年被发现，当时两名传教士护士在尼日利亚死亡，目前已有候选疫苗；而黄热病有来自其17D减毒株的疫苗。克里米亚-刚果出血热是一种广泛传播的蜱传病毒性疾病，其核蛋白和糖蛋白已被确定可用于疫苗。马尔堡病毒具有高致病性，死亡率达90%。2013 - 2016年西非爆发埃博拉病毒，促使人们提前引入了一种疫苗。经典疫苗平台通常用于人类疫苗，并且正在开发下一代平台。开发一种针对病毒性出血热的新型多价疫苗将消除单一疫苗的困难，并可能导致这些疾病的根除。
