Time-frequency neural dynamics of ADHD children and adolescents during a Working Memory task.

The present report analyzed the time-frequency changes in Event-Related Spectral perturbations (ERSP) in a sample of ADHD children and adolescents compared to a normodevelopment (ND) sample. A delayed match-to-sample (DMTS) test of working memory (WM) was presented to a group of ADHD subjects (N = 29) and compared with ND group (N = 34) with ages between 6 and 17 years old. Time-frequency decomposition was computed through wavelets. ADHD subjects presented higher Reaction Time (RT), Standard Deviation of RT (Std of RT), and a reduced percentage of correct responses. The results showed a complex pattern of oscillatory bursts during the encoding, maintenance, and recognition phases with similar dynamics in both groups. ADHD children presented a reduced Event-Related Synchronization (ERS) in the Theta range during the encoding phase, and also a reduced Alpha ERS during the late period of the maintenance phase. S1 Early theta ERS was positively correlated with Std of RT. Behavioral data, early Theta, and late Alpha ERS classified correctly above 70 % of ADHD and ND subjects when a linear discriminant analysis was applied. The reduced encoding and maintenance impaired brain dynamics of ADHD subjects would justify the poorer performance of this group of subjects.