Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China, 712100.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2023 Feb 21;59(16):2199-2207. doi: 10.1039/d2cc06952k.
In the design work of fluorescent probes, it is important to consider not only the factors of fluorescence properties but also the environment in which the fluorescent molecule works. This requires the design of auxiliary groups to refine the fluorescent molecule. Nowadays, more and more fluorescent molecules are not limited to the traditional fluorescent probe consisting of a fluorophore, linker arm and recognition group, but integrate the three into one, and introduce auxiliary groups where possible. Auxiliary groups are "catalytic groups" that do not interact with the substrate, or "catalyze" the interaction of the recognition group with the substrate. The introduced auxiliary groups can improve the sensitivity and selectivity of the detection to some extent, which has attracted great interest from researchers. Although previous work has focused on this aspect, no one has summarized it systematically and comprehensively. So this review summarizes the role of auxiliary groups that are classified into three categories according to the different mechanisms between the auxiliary groups and the substance, in improving the performance of fluorescent probes in recent years (2012-2022). In particular, we generalize the mechanisms of the auxiliary groups in improving the sensitivity and selectivity of fluorescent probes. Also, the fundamental principles of auxiliary groups to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of fluorescent probes are discussed and future research directions in this field are proposed.
在荧光探针的设计工作中，不仅要考虑荧光性质的因素，还要考虑荧光分子所处的环境。这需要设计辅助基团来精细调整荧光分子。如今，越来越多的荧光分子不再局限于传统的由荧光团、连接臂和识别基团组成的荧光探针，而是将这三个部分集成在一起，并在可能的情况下引入辅助基团。辅助基团是不与底物相互作用的“催化基团”，或者“催化”识别基团与底物的相互作用。引入的辅助基团可以在一定程度上提高检测的灵敏度和选择性，这引起了研究人员的极大兴趣。尽管之前的工作已经关注到这一方面，但没有人系统全面地对其进行总结。因此，本综述根据辅助基团与物质之间的不同作用机制，对近年来（2012-2022 年）辅助基团在提高荧光探针性能方面的作用进行了总结。特别地，我们概括了辅助基团在提高荧光探针灵敏度和选择性方面的作用机制。此外，还讨论了辅助基团提高荧光探针灵敏度和选择性的基本原则，并提出了该领域未来的研究方向。
