Selli C, Barbanti G, Barbagli G, Ciabini E, Turini D
Department of Urology, University of Florence, Italy.
Urology. 1987 Nov;30(5):448-52. doi: 10.1016/0090-4295(87)90377-3.
Twenty-eight patients with renal cell carcinoma extending to the vena cava underwent surgical treatment consisting of radical nephrectomy and removal of tumor thrombus, which was at the level of the renal veins in 23 cases, the hepatic veins in 4, and extending above the diaphragm in 1 case. In 7 patients lymph nodes were invaded, and 8 had both positive nodes and extrarenal tumor diffusion discovered at surgery. The mean survival was 41.7 months for patients with only venous extension of the tumor, 16 months for patients with positive nodes, and 10.2 months for those with both nodal and extrarenal tumor diffusion.
28例肾癌侵犯至腔静脉的患者接受了包括根治性肾切除术和肿瘤血栓清除术的手术治疗，其中23例肿瘤血栓位于肾静脉水平，4例位于肝静脉水平，1例延伸至膈上。7例患者有淋巴结侵犯，8例在手术中发现有阳性淋巴结及肾外肿瘤扩散。肿瘤仅侵犯静脉的患者平均生存期为41.7个月，有阳性淋巴结的患者为16个月，有淋巴结及肾外肿瘤扩散的患者为10.2个月。
