Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Facility Genomics, Berlin, Germany.
Elife. 2023 Feb 2;12:e79642. doi: 10.7554/eLife.79642.
Every decision that we make involves a conflict between exploiting our current knowledge of an action's value or exploring alternative courses of action that might lead to a better, or worse outcome. The sub-cortical nuclei that make up the basal ganglia have been proposed as a neural circuit that may contribute to resolving this explore-exploit 'dilemma'. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of neuromodulating the basal ganglia's output nucleus, the globus pallidus interna, in patients who had undergone deep brain stimulation (DBS) for isolated dystonia. Neuromodulation enhanced the number of exploratory choices to the lower value option in a two-armed bandit probabilistic reversal-learning task. Enhanced exploration was explained by a reduction in the rate of evidence accumulation (drift rate) in a reinforcement learning drift diffusion model. We estimated the functional connectivity profile between the stimulating DBS electrode and the rest of the brain using a normative functional connectome derived from heathy controls. Variation in the extent of neuromodulation induced exploration between patients was associated with functional connectivity from the stimulation electrode site to a distributed brain functional network. We conclude that the basal ganglia's output nucleus, the globus pallidus interna, can adaptively modify decision choice when faced with the dilemma to explore or exploit.
我们做出的每一个决策都涉及到在利用当前对某一行动价值的了解或探索可能导致更好或更糟结果的替代行动方案之间进行权衡取舍。构成基底神经节的皮质下核被认为是一个可能有助于解决这种探索-利用“困境”的神经回路。为了验证这一假设，我们研究了对接受深部脑刺激（DBS）治疗孤立性肌张力障碍的患者的基底神经节输出核——苍白球内侧——进行神经调节的效果。神经调节增强了在两臂赌博概率反转学习任务中对低价值选项的探索性选择数量。增强的探索性可以用强化学习漂移扩散模型中证据积累（漂移率）的降低来解释。我们使用来自健康对照者的规范功能连接组来估计刺激 DBS 电极与大脑其余部分之间的功能连接图谱。患者之间诱导的神经调节探索程度的变化与来自刺激电极部位的大脑分布式功能网络的功能连接有关。我们得出结论，当面临探索或利用的困境时，基底神经节的输出核——苍白球内侧——可以自适应地调整决策选择。
