MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2023 Mar 1;55(3):507-516. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003068. Epub 2022 Oct 21.
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is rarely measured in population studies. Most studies of CRF do not examine differences by population subgroups or seasonal trends. We examined how estimated CRF levels vary by anthropometric, sociodemographic, and behavioral characteristics in a population-based cohort of UK adults (the Fenland Study).
We used a validated submaximal exercise test to obtain CRF estimates (CRF estimated ) in 5976 women and 5316 men, residing in the East of England. CRF estimated was defined as estimated maximal oxygen consumption per kilogram total body mass (V̇O 2 max tbm ) and fat-free mass (V̇O 2 max ffm ). Descriptive statistics were computed across anthropometric and sociodemographic characteristics, and across the year. Progressive multivariable analyses were performed to examine associations with physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and body mass index (BMI).
Mean ± SD V̇O 2 max tbm was lower in women (35.2 ± 7.5 mL·min -1 ·kg -1 ) than men (41.7 ± 7.3 mL·min -1 ·kg -1 ) but V̇O 2 max ffm was similar (women: 59.2 ± 11.6 mL·min -1 ·kg -1 ; men: 62.0 ± 10.3 mL·min -1 ·kg -1 ). CRF estimated was inversely associated with age but not after adjustment for PAEE. People in more physically demanding jobs were fitter compared with those in sedentary jobs, but this association was attenuated in women and reversed in men after adjustment for total PAEE. Physical activity energy expenditure and BMI were positively associated with CRF estimated at all levels of adjustment when expressed relative to fat-free mass. CRF estimated was 4% higher in summer than in winter among women, but did not differ by season among men.
CRF estimated was inversely associated with age but less steeply than anticipated, suggesting older generations are comparatively fitter than younger generations. Physical activity energy expenditure and BMI were stronger determinants of the variance in CRF estimated than other characteristic including age. This emphasizes the importance of modifiable physical activity behaviors in public health interventions.
心肺适能（CRF）在人群研究中很少被测量。大多数关于 CRF 的研究没有检查人群亚组或季节性趋势的差异。我们研究了在英国成年人的基于人群的队列研究（芬兰研究）中，身体形态、社会人口统计学和行为特征如何影响 CRF 水平。
我们使用了一种经过验证的亚最大运动测试来获得 5976 名女性和 5316 名男性的 CRF 估计值（CRF estimated ），这些人居住在英格兰东部。CRF estimated 定义为估计的每公斤总体重（V̇O 2 max tbm ）和去脂体重（V̇O 2 max ffm ）的最大耗氧量。根据身体形态和社会人口统计学特征以及全年情况计算了描述性统计数据。进行了逐步多变量分析，以检查与体力活动能量消耗（PAEE）和体重指数（BMI）的关联。
女性的平均±SD V̇O 2 max tbm （35.2 ± 7.5 mL·min -1 ·kg -1 ）低于男性（41.7 ± 7.3 mL·min -1 ·kg -1 ），但 V̇O 2 max ffm 相似（女性：59.2 ± 11.6 mL·min -1 ·kg -1 ；男性：62.0 ± 10.3 mL·min -1 ·kg -1 ）。CRF estimated 与年龄呈负相关，但在调整 PAEE 后则不相关。与久坐不动的工作相比，从事体力要求较高工作的人更健康，但这种关联在女性中减弱，在男性中在调整总 PAEE 后则相反。当以去脂体重为基准表达时，PAEE 和 BMI 与所有调整水平的 CRF estimated 呈正相关。与冬季相比，女性夏季的 CRF estimated 高出 4%，但男性中则没有季节差异。
CRF estimated 与年龄呈负相关，但比预期的要平缓，这表明老一代比年轻一代相对更健康。与其他特征（包括年龄）相比，PAEE 和 BMI 是 CRF estimated 差异的更强决定因素。这强调了可改变的体力活动行为在公共卫生干预中的重要性。
