Mukherjee Swarup, Fok Jeryn Ruiwen, van Mechelen Willem
Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore.
Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
J Strength Cond Res. 2023 Apr 1;37(4):938-950. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004359. Epub 2022 Oct 18.
Mukherjee, S, Fok, JR, and van Mechelen, W. Electrical stimulation and muscle strength gains in healthy adults: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 37(4): 938-950, 2023-Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) is a popular method for strength gains among athletes and fitness enthusiasts. This review investigated the literature from 2008 to 2020 on EMS application protocols, strength adaptations, neural adaptations, and its use as an independent and combined training tool for strength gain in healthy adults. The investigation was modeled after the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. The eligibility criteria included studies that assessed the effect of EMS, either alone or in combination with voluntary resistance training (VRT) in healthy adult populations, involving a control group performing either usual or sham training, with at least 1 performance outcome measure assessed during experimental randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cluster RCT, randomized crossover trials, or nonrandomized studies. Ten studies met the eligibility criteria with a total of 174 subjects. Eight studies investigated the effect of EMS on lower limb muscles and 2 on elbow flexors. Five studies used concurrent VRT. Studies were heterogenous in methods, subject characteristics, intervention, and EMS protocols. All 10 studies reported significant strength gains as an outcome of EMS treatment, but there were no improvements in strength-related functional outcome measures. The optimal threshold for treatment duration, EMS intensity, pulse, and frequency could not be determined due to methodological differences and EMS application protocol inconsistency between studies. Protocol variations also existed between the studies that combined EMS with VRT. Standardized protocols are needed for electrode placement location, motor point identification, positioning of the body part being investigated, impulse type, intensity, and duration of stimulus.
穆克吉、S、福克、JR和范·梅切伦、W。健康成年人电刺激与肌肉力量增长：一项系统综述。《力量与体能研究杂志》37(4):938 - 950,2023年 - 电肌肉刺激（EMS）是运动员和健身爱好者增加力量的常用方法。本综述调查了2008年至2020年关于EMS应用方案、力量适应、神经适应以及其作为健康成年人增加力量的独立和联合训练工具的文献。该调查是根据2020年PRISMA指南进行建模的。纳入标准包括评估EMS单独或与自愿抗阻训练（VRT）联合在健康成年人群中的效果的研究，涉及进行常规或假训练对照组，在实验随机对照试验（RCT）、整群RCT、随机交叉试验或非随机研究期间至少评估一项性能结果指标。十项研究符合纳入标准，共有174名受试者。八项研究调查了EMS对下肢肌肉的影响，两项研究对肘屈肌进行了调查。五项研究使用了同步VRT。研究在方法、受试者特征、干预措施和EMS方案方面存在异质性。所有十项研究均报告EMS治疗后力量显著增加，但与力量相关的功能结果指标没有改善。由于研究之间的方法差异和EMS应用方案不一致，无法确定治疗持续时间、EMS强度、脉冲和频率的最佳阈值。在将EMS与VRT相结合的研究之间也存在方案差异。电极放置位置、运动点识别、被研究身体部位的定位、脉冲类型、强度和刺激持续时间需要标准化方案。
